Role of the Vestibular System in Motor Development: Theoretical and Clinical Issues

2015 ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Shumway-Cook
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Clinical Issues

scholarly journals The Role of Sensorial Integration in Motor Development in Children with Down Syndrome

GYMNASIUM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol XIX (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Mihaela Anghel
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Combination Strategies ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Syndrome Child

One of the reasons behind the choice of the topic is that this problem of sensory-motor development in children with physical and mental deficiencies, especially in children with Down syndrome, is not sufficiently known and studied, sensory-motor development representing an important factor in their physical and social development. The reason I chose this theme and the theoretical basis from which I started was to improve the psychomotor behaviors through sensory stimulation. The assumptions we went into the research were: 1. If we use different sensory combination strategies, the Down Syndrome will be able to compensate for the psycho-motor disorders; 2. If we apply sensory stimuli to the Down Syndrome child, then there will be ameliorations of the underlying motor conduction. The research presents a case study of a 6 year and six mouth old child diagnosed with Down syndrome. The location of the study was carried out at the "Delfinul" day center of the Betania Association.

scholarly journals The Role Of Family Support In Physical Activity And Motor Development In Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (8S) ◽  
pp. 246-246
Author(s):  
Xing Liu ◽  
Hongjuan Li ◽  
Liu Zhang ◽  
Wenjing Yan ◽  
Leqin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Motor Development

scholarly journals A Case Study on Management of Rett Syndrome by Wholistic approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-357
Author(s):  
Renu Rathi ◽  
Bharat Rathi ◽  
Rakesh Khatana ◽  
Suraj Sankh
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development

Background: Rett syndrome-RS comes under Autism spectrum disorder-ASD which is a neurodevelopmental syndrome. It is diagnosed by the main differentiating features of lack of interpersonal and communication skills, poor eye contact, delayed speech with pervasive abnormal body movements. Aim and Objectives: This case report is aimed at dissemination of comprehensive role of Ayurveda in management of ASD, Rett syndrome. Material and Methods: RS is the severe form of ASD. This case study of 2.3 year’s girl presented with RS and global delay, being treated with wholistic approach. It comprises Ayurveda chikitsa and other therapies like Yoga, hydrotherapy, occupational, music, physiotherapy and many more. Observation and Result: Patient has shown promising results in all developmental milestones such as gross motor, fine motor and personal social in 6 months duration except language. Different varieties of massage therapy, diet and Basti, Nasya (Panchkarma) procedures, Omkar mantra chanting, passive Yogasana were done. Conclusion: In this case report, mainly Ayurveda interventions were implemented with wholistic approach as an adjuvant, received good result in gross motor development which is very difficult in RS, hence it is a unique case. It also opened the door of wholistic approach with the hope to deliver the good result in similar disorders.

A role of glucocorticoid receptors in the guinea pig vestibular system

1999 ◽  
Vol 851 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 258-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Shimogori ◽  
Hiroshi Yamashita ◽  
Tatsuo Watanabe ◽  
Shoji Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors

A critical period for the impact of vestibular sensation on ferret motor development

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
S. Van Cleave ◽  
M.S. Shall
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Type I ◽  
Behavior Development ◽  
Sham Surgery ◽  
Walking Balance ◽  
The Impact

Children with hearing deficits and hypofunctioning vestibular receptors frequently have delayed motor development. This study focuses on when the vestibular system needs to be active for normal motor behavior development and the maturation of the soleus muscle in the ferret. Both vestibular labyrinths were removed from ferrets at Postnatal day 10 (P10), P21, or P45 and the resulting data were compared with ferrets that had undergone a sham surgery at the same ages. The animals were sacrificed at P120 (young adult ferret). The resulting data from these ferrets revealed that standing and walking balance was significantly affected when the vestibular system was eliminated at or before P21. The soleus of P10 and P21 animals generally had smaller diameter muscle fibers and proportionally less type I Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) and more type IIX MHC. The twitch contraction time of the soleus of the P21 group was significantly slower than the other groups. It appears that the vestibular system is important to motor and muscle fiber development in the ferret during the period before P21. The eyes are still closed at that age and all of the vestibular receptors are not fully mature. These findings imply a "critical period" for vestibular sensation and the development of a muscle that is important to standing balance.

Impacto de la pandemia por COVID19 en la percepción de competencia motriz de escolares de la ciudad de Temuco, Chile (Impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the perception of motor competence in schoolchildren from Temuco, Chile)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 361-369
Author(s):  
Jaime Carcamo-Oyarzun ◽  
Francisco Romero-Rojas ◽  
Isaac Estevan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Physical Education Class ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Didactic Strategies

  En el ámbito del desarrollo motor, la percepción de la competencia motriz es considerada como uno de los mecanismos subyacentes más importantes que influyen en la adherencia a la práctica de actividad física, siendo las clases de Educación Física una de las instancias más pertinentes para su desarrollo. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar, en condiciones de confinamiento y de cierre de las escuelas por COVID-19, cómo la percepción de la competencia motriz evoluciona durante el tiempo en que el alumnado no ha tenido Educación Física de manera presencial. Participaron 104 estudiantes (52,9% niñas; M = 10,9 años de edad; D.T. = 0,69), quienes contestaron el cuestionario SEMOK de evaluación de la competencia motriz percibida, tanto en 2019 (T1) como en 2020 (T2). Los resultados del modelo mixto no mostraron un efecto principal del periodo de confinamiento sobre la percepción de competencia motriz (p > ,05), mientras que en cada una de los tiempos de medición se encontraron diferencias significativas en función del sexo, donde los niños mostraron una mayor percepción de competencia motriz en control de objetos que las niñas (p < ,001). Los estudiantes mantuvieron una percepción similar desde T1 hasta T2, mostrando una estabilidad en la percepción de su competencia motriz durante este periodo de confinamiento, lo que coincide con los escasos estudios que han investigado esta temática siguiendo procedimientos prospectivos. Además, se confirma el rol que el sexo ejerce en la percepción de la competencia motriz, aspecto que debe ser considerado al momento de desarrollar estrategias didácticas en Educación Física.  Abstract. In the field of motor development, the perception of motor competence is considered one of the most important underlying mechanisms that influence the adherence to the practice of physical activity, where Physical Education classes are one of the most relevant instances for its development. The present study aims to analyze how the perception of motor competence evolves in conditions of confinement and closed schools because of COVID-19 during the time in which the students have not had Physical Education classes in a face-to-face manner. 104 students (52.9% girls; age M=10.9; S.D.=0.69) participated and answered the SEMOK questionnaire for assessing perceived motor competence in both 2019 (T1) and 2020 (T2). The results of the mixed model did not present major effects of the confinement period on the perception of motor competence (p>.05), while in each of the periods significant differences were found according to gender, with boys showing a higher perception of motor competence in object control than girls (p<.001). The students maintained a similar perception from T1 to T2, showing stability in the perception of their motor competence during the period of confinement, which coincides with the few studies that have studied this subject, following prospective procedures. In addition, the role of gender in the perception of motor competence is confirmed and should be considered when developing didactic strategies for Physical Education class.

Effects of postural changes and vestibular lesions on diaphragm and rectus abdominis activity in awake cats

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Cotter ◽  
H. E. Arendt ◽  
J. G. Jasko ◽  
C. Sprando ◽  
S. P. Cass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Body Rotation ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Awake Cats

Changes in posture can affect the resting length of the diaphragm, requiring alterations in the activity of both the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm to maintain stable ventilation. To determine the role of the vestibular system in regulating respiratory muscle discharges during postural changes, spontaneous diaphragm and rectus abdominis activity and modulation of the firing of these muscles during nose-up and ear-down tilt were compared before and after removal of labyrinthine inputs in awake cats. In vestibular-intact animals, nose-up and ear-down tilts from the prone position altered rectus abdominis firing, whereas the effects of body rotation on diaphragm activity were not statistically significant. After peripheral vestibular lesions, spontaneous diaphragm and rectus abdominis discharges increased significantly (by ∼170%), and augmentation of rectus abdominis activity during nose-up body rotation was diminished. However, spontaneous muscle activity and responses to tilt began to recover after a few days after the lesions, presumably because of plasticity in the central vestibular system. These data suggest that the vestibular system provides tonic inhibitory influences on rectus abdominis and the diaphragm and in addition contributes to eliciting increases in abdominal muscle activity during some changes in body orientation.

scholarly journals Developmental divergence: motor trajectories in children with fragile X syndrome with and without co-occurring autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Will ◽  
Somer L. Bishop ◽  
Jane E. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Direct Assessment

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly prevalent in fragile X syndrome (FXS), affecting 50–70% of males. Motor impairments are a shared feature across autism and FXS that may help to better characterize autism in FXS. As motor skills provide a critical foundation for various language, cognitive, and social outcomes, they may serve an important mechanistic role for autism in FXS. As such, this study aimed to identify differences in motor trajectories across direct assessment and parent-report measures of fine and gross motor development between FXS with and without autism, and typical development, while controlling for cognitive functioning. Methods This prospective longitudinal study included 42 children with FXS, 24 of whom also had ASD (FXS + ASD), as well as 40 typically developing children. The Mullen Scales of Early Learning provided a direct measure of fine and gross motor skills, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales provided a measure of parent-reported fine and gross motor skills. Random slopes and random intercepts multilevel models were tested to determine divergence in developmental motor trajectories between groups when controlling for cognitive level. Results Model results indicated the children with FXS + ASD diverged from TD children by 9-months on all measures of gross and fine motor skills, even when controlling for cognitive level. Results also indicated an early divergence in motor trajectories of fine and gross motor skills between the FXS + ASD and FXS groups when controlling for cognitive level. This divergence was statistically significant by 18 months, with the FXS + ASD showing decelerated growth in motor skills across direct observation and parent-report measures. Conclusions This study is the first to examine longitudinal trends in motor development in children with FXS with and without comorbid ASD using both direct assessment and parent-report measures of fine and gross motor. Furthermore, it is among the first to account for nonverbal cognitive delays, a step towards elucidating the isolated role of motor impairments in FXS with and without ASD. Findings underscore the role of motor impairments as a possible signal representing greater underlying genetic liability, or as a potential catalyst or consequence, of co-occurring autism in FXS.

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