Metabolic Abnormalities in Visceral Obesity

2015 ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Enzi ◽  
L. Busetto ◽  
G. Jimenez ◽  
M. d�Alessio ◽  
P. Biasion
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities

scholarly journals Teneligliptin improves metabolic abnormalities in a mouse model of postmenopausal obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azusa Sameshima ◽  
Tsutomu Wada ◽  
Tetsuo Ito ◽  
Ayaka Kashimura ◽  
Kanae Sawakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Postmenopausal Obesity

A decrease in serum estrogen levels in menopause is closely associated with the development of visceral obesity and the onset of type 2 diabetes in women. In the present study, we demonstrated the therapeutic effects of the novel DPP4 inhibitor, teneligliptin, on the features of postmenopausal obesity in mice. In the control group, female C57BL/6 mice were sham-operated and maintained on a standard diet. In the postmenopausal obese group, ovariectomized (OVX) mice were maintained on a high-fat diet, and were referred to as OVX-HF. In the treated group, teneligliptin at 60 mg/kg per day was administrated to OVX-HF, and were referred to as Tene. After a 12-week food challenge, the metabolic phenotypes of these mice were analyzed. Body weight, fat accumulation, and glucose intolerance were greater in OVX-HF than in control, while these abnormalities were markedly improved without alterations in calorie intake in Tene. Teneligliptin effectively ameliorated the characteristics of metabolic abnormalities associated with postmenopausal obesity. Regarding chronic inflammation in visceral adipose tissue, the numbers of F4/80+CD11c+CD206− M1-macrophages in flow cytometry, crown-like structure formation in immunohistochemistry, and proinflammatory cytokine expression were significantly attenuated in Tene. Hepatic steatosis was also markedly improved. Furthermore, decreased energy consumption in the dark and light phases, reduced locomotor activity in the dark phase, and lowered core body temperature in OVX-HF were ameliorated in Tene. Since obesity and reduced energy metabolism are a common physiology of menopause, teneligliptin appears to be beneficial as a treatment for type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal obesity.

Metabolic syndrome

2011 ◽  
pp. 1764-1772
Author(s):  
Harold E. Lebovitz
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Resistance To Insulin ◽  
Artery Disease

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been recognized as a clinical entity for more than 50 years. In 1947, Vague described upper body obesity as a predisposing factor in the development of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and gout. Reaven, in his 1988 Banting lecture, focused on the importance of insulin resistance and a related cluster of metabolic abnormalities that were associated with an increase in coronary artery disease (1). This cluster included resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia, increased very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and hypertension. He called this cluster ‘syndrome X’, and raised the possibility that resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and hyperinsulinaemia were involved in the aetiology of the metabolic abnormalities and the clinical diseases associated with them. Obesity and, particularly, visceral obesity have been recognized as a major contributor to the MetS since precise techniques to quantitate regional body composition became available. The MetS was initially thought of as an insulin resistance syndrome, implying that insulin resistance was the underlying unifying abnormality.

scholarly journals Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: global impact and clinical consequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Kabarra ◽  
Pegah Golabi ◽  
Zobair M. Younossi
Keyword(s):  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
World Population ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases ranging from simple fatty infiltration of liver parenchyma to the potentially progressive type of NAFLD called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Given the obesity epidemic, NAFLD and NASH have reached alarming levels globally. Recent data suggest that more than a quarter of the world population is affected by NAFLD, however, the disease prevalence is higher in certain patient population, i.e. 55% prevalence rate among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Besides T2DM, NAFLD is also closely related to other metabolic abnormalities, such as visceral obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. It has been suggested that stage of liver fibrosis is the most important factor associated with mortality among NAFLD. Additionally, patients with T2DM have increased risk of adverse outcomes. In addition to these metabolic abnormalities, older age and some genetic factors could pose additional risks. Patients with NAFLD and NASH have significantly impaired health related quality of life than the general population. There is also a growing economic impact of NAFLD and NASH on healthcare systems around the globe. Despite a number of promising regimens as treatment options, healthy lifestyle modification with diet and exercise remain at the core of management of NAFLD and NASH.

scholarly journals From syndrome X to cardiometabolic risk: clinical and public health implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Després
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Insulin Resistant

Although the first description of a syndrome defined by the co-existence of atherogenic and diabetogenic metabolic abnormalities is debated in the literature, it was Gerald Reaven who proposed, in his landmark 1988 Banting award lecture, that a significant proportion of individuals (with diabetes or not) were characterised by insulin resistance causing prejudice to cardiovascular health. However, Reaven was influenced by seminal observations made more than 50 years earlier by Himsworth who proposed that there were two forms of diabetes (insulin resistant v. insulin sensitive). Reaven went further in proposing the theory that insulin resistance was the most prevalent cause of CVD associated with metabolic abnormalities that he named syndrome X. Because there was a syndrome X documented in cardiology, the term evolved to insulin resistance syndrome. As Reaven could also find insulin-resistant individuals in non-obese subjects, he did not include obesity as a feature of syndrome X. Imaging studies then revealed that excess adipose tissue in the abdominal cavity, a condition described as visceral obesity, was the form of overweight/obesity associated with insulin resistance and its related abnormalities. As obesity risk assessment and management remain largely based on body weight (BMI) and weight loss, it is proposed that our clinical approaches and public health messages should be revisited. First, patients should be educated about the importance of monitoring their waistline as a crude index of abdominal adiposity. Secondly, public health approaches focussing on ‘lifestyle vital signs’ including achieving healthy waistlines rather than healthy body weights should be developed.

Metabolic abnormalities in patients with chronic psychiatric disorders receiving long-term psychopharmacological treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Reisinger ◽  
E Mueller ◽  
B Kropp-Hartmann ◽  
D Wölflick ◽  
C Zimmerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Psychopharmacological Treatment

Metabolic abnormalities of obesity were more severe in men than in women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnoza Adilkhodjaeva ◽  
Zulaykho Shamansurova ◽  
Ismailov Said
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Abnormalities

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in never treated mood disordered patientss

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Valerie Taylor ◽  
Glenda M. MacQueen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Bipolar disorder and major depression are life-shortening illnesses. Unnatural causes such as suicide and accidents account for only a portion of this premature mortality1 Research is beginning to identify that mood disordered patients have a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome, an illness characterized by dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension and obesity.2 Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk for a variety of physical illnesses. Hypothesis: Never treated patients with mood disorders have preexisting elevations in the prevalence of the component variables of metabolic syndrome. Central obesity will be especially elevated, predicting increased premature mortality. Methods: We assessed never treated patients with mood disorders for metabolic syndrome and its component variables. Patients were assessed at baseline and followed up at 6-month intervals. All psychiatric pharmacotherapy was documented. Body mass index (BMI) was also obtained and the percentage of deaths attributable to overweight and obesity was calculated using the population attributable risk (PAR). [PAR= ∑[P (RR-1)/RR] Results: Prior to the initiation of treatment, patients did not differ from population norms with respect to metabolic syndrome or BMI. At 2-year follow-up, BMI had increased for unipolar patients 2.02 points and 1.92 points for bipolar patients. (p < .001) This increase in BMI predicted an increase in mortality of 19.4%. Conclusion: An increase in visceral obesity is often the first component of metabolic syndrome to appear and may indicate the initiation of this disease process prematurely in this group. The increase in BMI places patients with mood disorders at risk for premature mortality and indicates a need for early intervention. References 1.Osby U, Brandt L, Correia N, Ekbom A & Sparen P. Excess mortability in bipolar and Unipolar disorder rin Sweden. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2001;58: 844-850 2.Toalson P, Saeeduddin A, Hardy T & Kabinoff G. The metabolic syndrome in patients with severe mental illness. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2004; 6(4): 152-158

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