A Major Decision: Proliferation or Differentiation. Interactions Between Pathwayspecific Transcription Factors Exemplify a Molecular Mechanism for the Decision

1990 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Herrlich ◽  
C. Jonat ◽  
H. Ponta ◽  
H. J. Rahmsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Major Decision

Down‐regulation of human CYP3A4 by the inflammatory signal interleukin 6: molecular mechanism and transcription factors involved

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Jover ◽  
Roque Bort ◽  
Ma. José Gómez‐Lechón ◽  
José V. Castell
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Down Regulation

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization of Flower Buds Development and Related Gene Expression Profiling at Bud Break Stage in Heterodichogamous Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) lljinskaja

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Mao ◽  
Huang ◽  
Fang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Cyclocarya Paliurus ◽  
Qrt Pcr

Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja, a unique species growing in southern China, is a multi-function tree species with medicinal, healthcare, material, and ornamental values. So far, sexual reproduction is the main method for extensive cultivation of C. paliurus plantations, but this is limited by low seed plumpness resulted from the character of heterodichogamy. Phenological observations have revealed the asynchronism of flower development in this species. However, its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. To reveal molecular mechanism of heterodichogamy in C. paliurus, transcriptome of female (F) and male (M) buds from two mating types (protandry, PA; protogyny, PG) at bud break stage were sequenced using Illumina Hiseq 4000 platform. The expression patterns of both 32 genes related to flowering and 58 differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs) selected from 6 families were divided four groups (PG-F, PG-M, PA-F, and PA-M) into two categories: first flowers (PG-F and PA-M) and later flowers (PA-F and PG-M). The results indicated that genes related to plant hormones (IAA, ABA, and GA) synthesis and response, glucose metabolism, and transcription factors (especially in MIKC family) played significant roles in regulating asynchronism of male and female flowers in the same mating type. The expression of DETFs showed two patterns. One contained DETFs up-regulated in first flowers in comparison to later flowers, and the other was the reverse. Nine genes related to flowering were selected for qRT-PCR to confirm the accuracy of RNA-seq, and generally, the RPKM values of these genes were consistent with the result of qRT-PCR. The results of this work could improve our understanding in asynchronism of floral development within one mating type in C. paliurus at transcriptional level, as well as lay a foundation for further study in heterodichogamous plants.

Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Provides Insights into Anthocyanin Accumulation in the Leaves of Red-Leaved Poplars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinghao Chen ◽  
Hanqi Liu ◽  
Shijie Wang ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Minsheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Proteome Expression ◽  
Red Coloration

Abstract The red-leaved poplar cultivars ‘Quanhong’ and ‘Xuanhong’ are bud mutations of Populus deltoides cv. ‘Zhonglin 2025’. These cultivars are valued for their beautiful shape, lack of flying catkins, and ornamental leaf colors. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in the leaves of red-leaved poplars is still unclear. Here, we profiled the changes of pigment content, transcriptome and proteome expression in the leaves of three poplar cultivars and the results showed that the ratios of anthocyanin to total chlorophyll in both red-leaved poplars were higher than that in ‘Zhonglin 2025’, indicating that the anthocyanin was highly accumulated in the leaves of red-leaved poplars. Based on the results of integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis, 15 and 11 differentially expressed genes/proteins involved in anthocyanin synthesis were screened in ‘Quanhong’ and ‘Xuanhong’, respectively, including the CHS, F3H, and DFR genes. Among the 120 transcription factors, 3 (HY5, HYH, and TTG2), may be directly involved in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in both red-leaved poplars. This study screens the candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in the leaves of red-leaved poplars and lays a foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanism of leaf red coloration in red-leaved poplars.

scholarly journals A combination of transcription factors mediates inducible interchromosomal pairing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungsoo Kim ◽  
Maitreya J Dunham ◽  
Jay Shendure
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chromosome Conformation ◽  
Homolog Pairing ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Repressor Complex ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

SummaryRemodeling of the three-dimensional organization of a genome has been previously described (e.g. condition-specific pairing or looping), but it remains unknown which factors specify and mediate such shifts in chromosome conformation. Here we describe an assay, MAP-C (Mutation Analysis in Pools by Chromosome conformation capture), that enables the simultaneous characterization of hundreds of cis or trans-acting mutations for their effects on a chromosomal contact or loop. As a proof of concept, we applied MAP-C to systematically dissect the molecular mechanism of inducible interchromosomal pairing between HAS1pr-TDA1pr alleles in Saccharomyces yeast. We identified three transcription factors, Leu3, Sdd4 (Ypr022c), and Rgt1, whose collective binding to nearby DNA sequences is necessary and sufficient for inducible pairing between binding site clusters. Rgt1 contributes to the regulation of pairing, both through changes in expression level and through its interactions with the Tup1/Ssn6 repressor complex. HAS1pr-TDA1pr is the only locus with a cluster of binding site motifs for all three factors in both S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum genomes, but the promoter for HXT3, which contains Leu3 and Rgt1 motifs, also exhibits inducible homolog pairing. Altogether, our results demonstrate that specific combinations of transcription factors can mediate condition-specific interchromosomal contacts, and reveal a molecular mechanism for interchromosomal contacts and mitotic homolog pairing.

scholarly journals Ten years of progress and promise of induced pluripotent stem cells: historical origins, characteristics, mechanisms, limitations, and potential applications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adekunle Ebenezer Omole ◽  
Adegbenro Omotuyi John Fakoya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by Shinya Yamanaka in 2006 was heralded as a major breakthrough of the decade in stem cell research. The ability to reprogrammed human somatic cells to a pluripotent embryonic stem cell-like state through the ectopic expression of a combination of embryonic transcription factors was greeted with great excitement by scientists and bioethicists. The reprogramming technology offers the opportunity to generate patient-specific stem cells for modeling human diseases, drug development and screening, and individualized regenerative cell therapy. However, fundamental questions have been raised regarding the molecular mechanism of iPSCs generation, a process still poorly understood by scientists. The efficiency of reprogramming of iPSCs remains low due to the effect of various barriers of reprogramming. There is also the risk of chromosomal instability and oncogenic transformation associated with the use of viral vectors, such as retrovirus and lentivirus, which deliver the reprogramming transcription factors by integration in the host cell genome. These challenges can hinder the therapeutic prospects and promise of iPSCs and their clinical applications. Consequently, extensive studies have been done to elucidate the molecular mechanism of reprogramming and novel strategies have been identified which help to improve the efficiency of reprogramming methods and overcome the safety concerns linked with iPSCs generation. Distinct barriers and enhancers of reprogramming have been elucidated and non-integrating reprogramming methods have been reported. Here, we summarize the progress and the recent advances that have been made over the last 10 years in the iPSCs field, with emphasis on the molecular mechanism of reprogramming, strategies to improve the efficiency of reprogramming, characteristics and limitations of iPSCs, and the progress made in the applications of iPSCs in the field of disease modelling, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Additionally, this study appraised the role of genomic editing technology in the generation of healthy iPSCs.

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