Microcirculation of the Colon: Macromolecular Permeability and Loss of Endothelial Viability in Experimental Colitis in Rats

2015 ◽  
pp. 90-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Koo ◽  
F. W. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Macromolecular Permeability

scholarly journals Oxytocin regulates gastrointestinal motility, inflammation, macromolecular permeability, and mucosal maintenance in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (8) ◽  
pp. G848-G862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha G. Welch ◽  
Kara G. Margolis ◽  
Zhishan Li ◽  
Michael D. Gershon
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Mucosal Permeability ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Regulation ◽  
Macromolecular Permeability

Enteric neurons express oxytocin (OT); moreover, enteric neurons and enterocytes express developmentally regulated OT receptors (OTRs). Although OT (with secretin) opposes intestinal inflammation, physiological roles played by enteric OT/OTR signaling have not previously been determined. We tested hypotheses that OT/OTR signaling contributes to enteric nervous system (ENS)-related gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. GI functions and OT effects were compared in OTR-knockout (OTRKO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Stool mass and water content were greater in OTRKO mice than in WT. GI transit time in OTRKO animals was faster than in WT; OT inhibited in vitro generation of ENS-dependent colonic migrating motor complexes in WT but not in OTRKO mice. Myenteric neurons were hyperplastic in OTRKO animals, and mucosal exposure to cholera toxin (CTX) in vitro activated Fos in more myenteric neurons in OTRKO than WT than in WT mice; OT inhibited the CTX response in WT but not in OTRKO mice. Villi and crypts were shorter in OTRKO than in WT mice, and transit-amplifying cell proliferation in OTRKO crypts was deficient. Macromolecular intestinal permeability in OTRKO was greater than WT mice, and experimental colitis was more severe in OTRKO mice; moreover, OT protected WT animals from colitis. Observations suggest that OT/OTR signaling acts as a brake on intestinal motility, decreases mucosal activation of enteric neurons, and promotes enteric neuronal development and/or survival. It also regulates proliferation of crypt cells and mucosal permeability; moreover OT/OTR signaling is protective against inflammation. Oxytocinergic signaling thus appears to play an important role in multiple GI functions that are subject to neuronal regulation.

Prebiotic treatment of experimental colitis with germinated barley foodstuff: A comparison with probiotic or antibiotic treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A676-A676
Author(s):  
O KANAUCHI ◽  
K BREWERY ◽  
K MITSUYAMA ◽  
A ANDOH ◽  
Y ARAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Germinated Barley
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