Metabolic Effects of Insulin on the Fetal Brain

2015 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan ◽  
Nandita Pal ◽  
Samuel P. Bessman
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Metabolic Effects

scholarly journals Effects of Maternal Sucrose Consumption on Inflammation and Steroids in the Placenta and Fetal Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A500-A500
Author(s):  
Desiree R Seib ◽  
George V Kachkovski ◽  
Tamara S Bodnar ◽  
Abby C Collier ◽  
Kiran K Soma
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Sucrose Intake ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Abstract Consumption of sucrose (table sugar) is high in much of the world. The effects of a maternal diet high in sucrose on the placenta and fetal brain remain unknown. In rats, maternal consumption of sucrose at a human-relevant level has effects on the mother’s physiology and steroids, as well as long-lasting and sex-specific effects on the adult offspring’s brain and behavior. In the mothers, there are metabolic effects of sucrose intake, such as impaired glucose tolerance, increased liver lipids, and increased adipose inflammation. In rat dams, sucrose intake also decreases corticosterone levels in the blood but not in the brain. In the adult male offspring, preference for a high-sucrose diet and a high-fat diet increases due to maternal sucrose intake. In addition, maternal sucrose intake increases motivation for sugar rewards in a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement in adult male offspring. In adult female offspring, corticosterone levels increase in the blood and brain as a result of maternal sucrose intake. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of the observed behavioral and endocrine effects in the adult offspring. Here, we examined cytokines and anti-inflammatory steroids in the placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetal blood and brain. In our model, we feed rat dams either a high-sucrose diet (26% of kCal) or an isocaloric, matched, control diet (1% sucrose) 10 weeks prior to and during gestation. At embryonic day 19 (E19), we collected maternal blood, placenta, amniotic fluid, fetal blood, and fetal brain. We use Palkovits punch to microdissect the placenta and fetal brain. Next, we use a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay, which is highly precise and specific, to measure multiple steroids (e.g. corticosterone, progesterone, estradiol, allopregnanolone). The method is highly sensitive, and we can measure neurosteroids in multiple regions of the fetal brain (e.g. prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus, hippocampus). Moreover, we will examine steroidogenic enzymes and cytokines in the fetal brain and placenta. Preliminary data show distinct steroid patterns in amniotic fluid and fetal blood, as well as in different parts of the placenta.

METABOLIC EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM GLUCAGON INFUSION

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (1_Supplb) ◽  
pp. S198
Author(s):  
Harald Frey ◽  
D. Falch ◽  
K. Forfang ◽  
N. Norman ◽  
D. Fremstad
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Effects

THE EFFECT OF THE PROGESTOGEN ETHYNODIOL DIACETATE ON GLUCOSE, INSULIN, AND GROWTH HORMONE AFTER SIX MONTHS TREATMENT

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Spellacy ◽  
W. C. Buhi ◽  
S. A. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Ethynodiol Diacetate ◽  
Tolerance Curve

ABSTRACT Seventy-one women were treated with a daily dose of 0.25 mg of the progestogen ethynodiol diacetate. They were all tested with a three-hour oral glucose tolerance test before beginning the steroid and then again during the sixth month of use. Measurements were made of blood glucose and plasma insulin and growth hormone levels. There was a significant elevation of the blood glucose levels after steroid treatment as well as a deterioration in the tolerance curve in 12.9% of the women. The plasma insulin values were also elevated after drug treatment whereas the fasting ambulatory growth hormone levels did not significantly change. There was a significant association between the changes in glucose and insulin levels and the subject's age, control weight, or weight gain during treatment. The importance of considering the metabolic effects of the progestogen component of oral contraceptives is stressed.

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