Genetic Differences in Risk of Disease within and between Populations

2015 ◽  
pp. 220-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Sing ◽  
Jaakko Kaprio ◽  
Louis Perusse ◽  
Patricia P. Moll
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Genetic differences between humans and chimps and among humans.

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Plomin ◽  
A. R. Kuse
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differences

GENETIC DIFFERENCES?

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 812-813
Author(s):  
LEONARD HERSHER
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differences

Accumulation of microelements by different invertebrate trophic groups on wasted lands

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Didur ◽  
Yu. L. Kulbachko ◽  
V. Y. Gasso
Keyword(s):  
Active Agent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Ore Dressing ◽  
Processing Enterprise

<p>The problem of transformation of natural landscapes resulted from the negative technogenic impact is highlighted. It is shown that mining enterprises are powerful anthropo-technical sources of organic and inorganic toxicants entering the environment. Their wastes pollute all components of the ecosystems and negatively influence human health by increasing a risk of disease. The nature of the accumulation of trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Pb) by invertebrate animals of various functional groups under conditions of anthropo-technogenic pressure was studied. The sample plots were located on self-overgrowing sites with ruderal vegetation located in the immediate vicinity of the Mangan ore-dressing and processing enterprise (Dnipropetrovsk region). It is quite naturally that among the studied biogenic microelements (Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni), the phyto-, zoo-, and saprophages in the investigated zone of technogenic pollution most actively accumulate Fe:<em> </em>22758, 17516 and 18884 mg/kg dry weight on average, respectively. There are significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the content of studied microelements between saprophages and phytophages. The saprophages accumulate such trace metals as Mn, Cu, Zn and Cd in high quantities, but Ni and Pb – in smaller ones. The saprophagous functional group of invertebrates is an active agent of detritogenesis, in the conditions of modern nature management it acts as a powerful element of ecosystem engineering (habitat transformation), the main ecological role of which is to modify the habitat of other soil biota. In addition, the saprophages fulfil their concentrating geochemical function. They actively participate in the most important soil biochemical process: the formation of humus, the migration of microelements along trophic chains, the biological cycle in general, and provide such supporting ecosystem services as increasing soil fertility and nutrient cycling.</p>

P4069 Genetic differences in a Colombian Paso horse breed by gait selection

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 113-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Novoa ◽  
L. F. García
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Horse Breed

SUBTYPE A/H7N9 INFLUENZA: PATHOGENICITY AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES

2013 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Dinh Binh Tran
Keyword(s):  
H7n9 Virus ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
The People ◽  
High Risk Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
H7n9 Infection ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Subtype A ◽  
Avian Populations

H7N9 is a serotype of the species Influenzavirus A. H7 virus normally circulates amongst avian populations with some variants known to occasionally infect humans. A H7N9 virus was first reported to have infected humans in 2013. The people with H7N9 virus are respiratory tract infections leading to pneumonia and can be death. To cope with H7N9 virus should strengthen supervision, strengthening management and treatment, epidemiological investigation and observe who has been exposed to the fatal cases. To limit the risk of disease, WHO recommends that people should be clean, safe eating, wash the hands often, especially before and after eating, after using the toilet, after contact with animals, after contact with sick people, use a mask when in contact with human or environmental exposure to the high-risk disease. Symptoms of influenza H7N9 infection are fever and cough then switch to pneumonia. Therefore, if having the symptoms like this, and then have the cough and shortness of breath, chest pain that should be early come the health facilities to diagnose and treat.

Outbreeding depression is uncommon and predictable

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Frankham ◽  
Jonathan D. Ballou ◽  
Katherine Ralls ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Michele R. Dudash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Outbreeding Depression ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Large Populations

Crosses between populations within species sometimes result in reduced fitness, especially in F2 and later generations (outbreeding depression). The primary mechanisms causing outbreeding depression in crosses between populations are fixed chromosomal differences and adaptive genetic differences, especially for long-isolated populations. Outbreeding depression is usually observed after crossing populations with ploidy differences or fixed differences for translocations, inversions or centric fusions: the magnitudes are usually ploidy > translocations and monobrachial centric fusions > inversions and simple centric fusions. Populations adapted to different environments (but with the same karyotype) often exhibit outbreeding depression when crossed, especially in the F2 and later generations. Even if outbreeding depression occurs, it is often only temporary, as natural selection acts to remove it, especially in large populations.

scholarly journals Disease monitoring of biologic treatment in IBD: early impact and future implications of COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. flgastro-2020-101563
Author(s):  
Stephanie Shields ◽  
Allan Dunlop ◽  
John Paul Seenan ◽  
Jonathan Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Care ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
Biologic Treatment ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Routine Clinical Care ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has dominated life in 2020 with, at the time of writing, over 4.9M global cases and >320 000 deaths. The impact has been most intensely felt in acute and critical care environments. However, with most UK elective work postponed, laboratory testing of faecal calprotectin halted due to potential risk of viral transmission and non-emergency endoscopies and surgeries cancelled, the secondary impact on chronic illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is becoming apparent. Data from the Scottish Biologic Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) service shows a dramatic drop in TDM testing since the pandemic onset. April 2020 saw a 75.6% reduction in adalimumab testing and a 36.2% reduction in infliximab testing when compared with February 2020 data, a reduction coinciding with the widespread cancellation of outpatient and elective activity. It is feared that disruption to normal patterns of care and disease monitoring of biologic patients could increase the risk of disease flare and adverse clinical outcomes. Urgent changes in clinical practice have been instigated to mitigate the effects of the pandemic on routine clinical care. Further transformations are needed to maintain safe, effective, patient-centred IBD care in the future.

scholarly journals Evaluating of the association between ABO blood groups and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iraqi patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. Ad’hiah ◽  
Risala H. Allami ◽  
Raghdan H. Mohsin ◽  
Maha H. Abdullah ◽  
Ali J. R. AL-Sa’ady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Groups ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fluorescence Probing ◽  
Group A ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Polymorphic System ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background Susceptibility to the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently been associated with ABO blood groups in patients of different ethnicities. This study sought to understand the genetic association of this polymorphic system with risk of disease in Iraqi patients. Two outcomes of COVID-19, recovery and death, were also explored. ABO blood groups were determined in 300 hospitalized COVID-19 Iraqi patients (159 under therapy, 104 recovered, and 37 deceased) and 595 healthy blood donors. The detection kit for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) RNA (PCR-Fluorescence Probing) was used in the diagnosis of disease. Results Mean age was significantly increased in patients compared to controls (49.8 ± 11.7 vs. 28.9 ± 6.6 years; p < 0.001). A similar observation was made in recovered (42.1 ± 10.4 vs. 28.9 ± 6.6 years; p < 0.001) and deceased (53.6 ± 9.7 vs. 28.9 ± 6.6 years; p < 0.001) cases. The mean age was also significantly increased in deceased cases compared to recovered cases (53.6 ± 9.7 vs. 42.1 ± 10.4 years; p < 0.001). There were gender-dependent differences in COVID-19 prevalence. The percentage of COVID-19 was higher in males than in females (all cases: 59.7 vs. 40.3%; recovered cases: 55.8 vs. 44.2%). Such male-gender preponderance was more pronounced in deceased cases (67.6 vs. 32.4%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that groups AB and B + AB were significantly associated with increased risk to develop COVID-19 (OR = 3.10; 95% CI 1.59–6.05; pc = 0.007 and OR = 2.16; 95% CI 1.28–3.63; pc = 0.028, respectively). No ABO-associated risk was observed in recovered cases. On the contrary, groups A (OR = 14.60; 95% CI 2.85–74.88; pc = 0.007), AB (OR = 12.92; 95% CI 2.11–79.29; pc = 0.042), A + AB (OR = 14.67; 95% CI 2.98–72.33; pc = 0.007), and A + B + AB (OR = 9.67; 95% CI 2.02–46.24; pc = 0.035) were associated with increased risk of death in deceased cases. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that group AB may be a susceptibility biomarker for COVID-19, while group A may be associated with increased risk of death.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document