Double Immunofluorescence Analysis of Lymphoid Tissues during HIV-1 Infection1

2015 ◽  
pp. 201-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Janossy ◽  
Margarita Bofill ◽  
Paul Racz
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Double Immunofluorescence ◽  
Immunofluorescence Analysis ◽  
Hiv 1

Distinct HIV-1 long terminal repeat quasispecies present in nervous tissues compared to that in lung, blood and lymphoid tissues of an AIDS patient

AIDS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounir Ait-Khaled ◽  
James E. McLaughlin ◽  
Margaret A. Johnson ◽  
Vincent C. Emery
Keyword(s):  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Hiv 1

Transmission routes of HIV-1 gp120 from brain to lymphoid tissues

1999 ◽  
Vol 822 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Faith Cashion ◽  
William A Banks ◽  
Kenneth L Bost ◽  
Abba J Kastin
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Characterization of Intact Proviruses in Blood and Lymph Node from HIV-Infected Individuals Undergoing Analytical Treatment Interruption

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Line K. Vibholm ◽  
Julio C. C. Lorenzi ◽  
Joy A. Pai ◽  
Yehuda Z. Cohen ◽  
Thiago Y. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Latent Reservoir ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Viral Rebound ◽  
Analytical Treatment ◽  
Latent Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The role of lymphoid tissue as a potential source of HIV-1 rebound following interruption of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is uncertain. To address this issue, we compared the latent viruses obtained from CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes to viruses emerging during treatment interruption. Latent viruses were characterized by sequencing near-full-length (NFL) proviral DNA and env from viral outgrowth assays (VOAs). Five HIV-1-infected individuals on ART were studied, four of whom participated in a clinical trial of a TLR9 agonist that included an analytical treatment interruption. We found that 98% of intact or replication-competent clonal sequences overlapped between blood and lymph node. In contrast, there was no overlap between 205 latent reservoir and 125 rebound sequences in the four individuals who underwent treatment interruption. However, rebound viruses could be accounted for by recombination. The data suggest that CD4+ T cells carrying latent viruses circulate between blood and lymphoid tissues in individuals on ART and support the idea that recombination may play a role in the emergence of rebound viremia. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 persists as a latent infection in CD4+ T cells that can be found in lymphoid tissues in infected individuals during ART. However, the importance of this tissue reservoir and its contribution to viral rebound upon ART interruption are not clear. In this study, we sought to compare latent HIV-1 from blood and lymph node CD4+ T cells from five HIV-1-infected individuals. Further, we analyzed the contribution of lymph node viruses to viral rebound. We observed that the frequencies of intact proviruses were the same in blood and lymph node. Moreover, expanded clones of T cells bearing identical proviruses were found in blood and lymph node. These latent reservoir sequences did not appear to be the direct origin of rebound virus. Instead, latent proviruses were found to contribute to the rebound compartment by recombination.

Expression of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Tat Gene in Lymphoid Tissues of Transgenic Mice Is Associated With B-Cell Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramendra K. Kundu ◽  
Frank Sangiorgi ◽  
Lan-Ying Wu ◽  
Paul K. Pattengale ◽  
David R. Hinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Genetic Event ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat gene, a potent transactivator of viral and cellular genes, has been proposed as a key agent in the pathogenesis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome related disorders, including nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. In cultured cells, the HIV-1 Tat protein can induce the expression of the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10, which are known to induce proliferation and differentiation of lymphoid cells. Such alterations in cytokine expression, together with a secondary genetic event, are thought to ultimately lead to oncogenic transformation. To address the influence of Tat on lymphoid development in the context of the whole organism, we produced several transgenic mouse lines that express the Tat gene under the control of an actin promoter. We show here that this promoter directs expression to a variety of sites, including spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Approximately 25% to 30% of the Tat-transgenic population developed enlarged spleens within 1 year after birth. On histological examination, a significant number of spleens from Tat-transgenic mice exhibited malignant lymphoma of B-cell origin. IgG heavy chain rearrangement confirmed the clonal B-cell nature of these lymphoproliferations. In contrast, T-cell receptor genes exhibited a germline (unrearranged) structure. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of transgenic spleens revealed that mRNA encoding cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 was upregulated, suggesting a possible mechanism for the B-cell expansion in vivo.

scholarly journals Immunofluorescence analysis of normal and malignant lymphoid tissues with selected combination of antisera.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1207-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Janossy ◽  
J A Thomas ◽  
J A Habeshaw
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Immunofluorescence Analysis ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Antigens ◽  
Relationship Of

Tissue sections stained with combinations of antisera labeled with different fluorochromes (i.e., conventional antisera to human immunoglobulin classes, T lymphocyte antigens, and Ia-like p28,33 antigens used in various double combinations with each other or with different mouse monoclonal antibodies) allow the identification of the different areas of lymph nodes in serial sections and provide great flexibility as well as precision in the analysis of the distribution and relationship of normal and malignant cells. Lymphoid microenvironments in the thymus and the paracortical areas of lymph nodes are described. The close association of T lymphocytes and nonlymphoid cells expressing large amounts of Ia-like antigens (such as interdigitating reticular cells and endothelium) may be relevant for the understanding of immunoregulatory disorders such as dermatopathic and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathies and some malignancies (e.g., mycosis fungoides) were the expression of Ia-like antigens on non-T cells seems to be abnormally abundant. The analysis of immunoglobulin and membrane marker expression of normal and malignant B cells and their relation to T cells can also be related to the histology of the disease. These studies are clinically useful for the classification of childhood lymphomas, the differential diagnosis of anaplastic carcinomas and lymphomas, and in the study of the early stages of lymphomas.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii inhibits R5 HIV-1 replication in human lymphoid tissues ex vivo

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (14-15) ◽  
pp. 1106-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atfa Sassi ◽  
Beda Brichacek ◽  
Sara Hieny ◽  
Felix Yarovinsky ◽  
Hana Golding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals HIV-1–induced activation of CD4+ T cells creates new targets for HIV-1 infection in human lymphoid tissue ex vivo

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélique Biancotto ◽  
Sarah J. Iglehart ◽  
Christophe Vanpouille ◽  
Cristian E. Condack ◽  
Andrea Lisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
New Targets ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Human Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Hiv 1

We demonstrate mechanisms by which HIV-1 appears to facilitate its own infection in ex vivo–infected human lymphoid tissue. In this system, HIV-1 readily infects various CD4+ T cells, but productive viral infection was supported predominantly by activated T cells expressing either CD25 or HLA-DR or both (CD25/HLA-DR) but not other activation markers: There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.64, P = .001) between virus production and the number of CD25+/HLA-DR+ T cells. HIV-1 infection of lymphoid tissue was associated with activation of both HIV-1–infected and uninfected (bystanders) T cells. In these tissues, apoptosis was selectively increased in T cells expressing CD25/HLA-DR and p24gag but not in cells expressing either of these markers alone. In the course of HIV-1 infection, there was a significant increase in the number of activated (CD25+/HLA-DR+) T cells both infected and uninfected (bystander). By inducing T cells to express particular markers of activation that create new targets for infection, HIV-1 generates in ex vivo lymphoid tissues a vicious destructive circle of activation and infection. In vivo, such self-perpetuating cycle could contribute to HIV-1 disease.

scholarly journals Preexisting Infection with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 2 neither Exacerbates nor Attenuates Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac251 Infection in Macaques

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 3043-3058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari N. Gordon ◽  
Anna R. Weissman ◽  
Valentina Cecchinato ◽  
Claudio Fenizia ◽  
Zhong-Min Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Coinfection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been reported to have either a slowed disease course or to have no effect on progression to AIDS. In this study, we generated a coinfection animal model and investigated whether HTLV-2 could persistently infect macaques, induce a T-cell response, and impact simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251-induced disease. We found that inoculation of irradiated HTLV-2-infected T cells into Indian rhesus macaques elicited humoral and T-cell responses to HTLV-2 antigens at both systemic and mucosal sites. Low levels of HTLV-2 provirus DNA were detected in the blood, lymphoid tissues, and gastrointestinal tracts of infected animals. Exposure of HTLV-2-infected or naïve macaques to SIVmac251 demonstrated comparable levels of SIVmac251 viral replication, similar rates of mucosal and peripheral CD4+ T-cell loss, and increased T-cell proliferation. Additionally, neither the magnitude nor the functional capacity of the SIV-specific T-cell-mediated immune response was different in HTLV-2/SIVmac251 coinfected animals versus SIVmac251 singly infected controls. Thus, HTLV-2 targets mucosal sites, persists, and importantly does not exacerbate SIVmac251 infection. These data provide the impetus for the development of an attenuated HTLV-2-based vectored vaccine for HIV-1; this approach could elicit persistent mucosal immunity that may prevent HIV-1/SIVmac251 infection.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Response in Lymphoid Tissues to Antiretroviral Therapy of HIV-1 Infection

Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 276 (5314) ◽  
pp. 960-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winston Cavert ◽  
Daan W. Notermans ◽  
Katherine Staskus ◽  
Stephen W. Wietgrefe ◽  
Mary Zupancic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hiv 1
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