Metabolic Adaptation to Decreases in Energy Intake Due to Changes in the Energy Cost of Low Energy Expenditure Regimen1

2015 ◽  
pp. 173-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Garby
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation

Assessment and management of severe obesity in adults

2011 ◽  
pp. 1649-1652
Author(s):  
I. Sadaf Farooqi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning

Body weight is determined by an interaction between genetic, environmental, and psychosocial factors acting through the physiological mediators of energy intake and expenditure (1). By definition, obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure and in any individual, excessive caloric intake or low energy expenditure, or both, may explain the development of obesity. A third factor, nutrient partitioning, a term reflecting the propensity to store excess energy as fat rather than lean tissue, may contribute.

P-103: Metabolic adaptation to a low energy intake in Psammomys (sand rat)

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (S 02) ◽  
pp. 164-164
Author(s):  
Katherine Zakrzewska ◽  
Isabelle Cusin ◽  
Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud ◽  
Eleazar Shafrir ◽  
Bernard Jeanrenaud
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Sand Rat

scholarly journals Predicting metabolic adaptation, body weight change, and energy intake in humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (3) ◽  
pp. E449-E466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Fuel Selection

Complex interactions between carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism underlie the body's remarkable ability to adapt to a variety of diets. But any imbalances between the intake and utilization rates of these macronutrients will result in changes in body weight and composition. Here, I present the first computational model that simulates how diet perturbations result in adaptations of fuel selection and energy expenditure that predict body weight and composition changes in both obese and nonobese men and women. No model parameters were adjusted to fit these data other than the initial conditions for each subject group (e.g., initial body weight and body fat mass). The model provides the first realistic simulations of how diet perturbations result in adaptations of whole body energy expenditure, fuel selection, and various metabolic fluxes that ultimately give rise to body weight change. The validated model was used to estimate free-living energy intake during a long-term weight loss intervention, a variable that has never previously been measured accurately.

Reindeer herders from subarctic Finland exhibit high total energy expenditure and low energy intake during the autumn herd roundup

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Ocobock ◽  
Päivi Soppela ◽  
Minna Turunen ◽  
Ville Stenbäck ◽  
Karl‐Heinz Herzig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Low Energy

Estimates of metabolic adaptation in women living in developing countries: technical limitations

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. K. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Free Living

SummaryThe measurement of food intake has long been used to describe ‘adaptation’ to low energy intakes in certain tropical peoples. However, the methods available to quantify food intake are unlikely to reflect accurately real energy intakes in free living peoples. Alternatively, estimating energy expenditure shows some promise—particularly the measurement of basal metabolic rate (BMR). The BMR may be measured effectively in males, but females show wide intra-individual variation in BMR during their menstrual cycle, which makes BMR measurements more difficult to interpret in the context of adaptation. The use of double-labelled water may be the only method suitable to quantify and define ‘adaptation’ to low intakes in women.

Effects of dietary protein content on IGF-I, testosterone, and body composition during 8 days of severe energy deficit and arduous physical activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Alemany ◽  
Bradley C. Nindl ◽  
Mark D. Kellogg ◽  
William J. Tharion ◽  
Andrew J. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Igf I

Energy restriction coupled with high energy expenditure from arduous work is associated with an altered insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) system and androgens that are coincident with losses of fat-free mass. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of two levels of dietary protein content and its effects on IGF-I, androgens, and losses of fat-free mass accompanying energy deficit. We hypothesized that higher dietary protein content would attenuate the decline of anabolic hormones and, thus, prevent losses of fat-free mass. Thirty-four men [24 (SD 0.3) yr, 180.1 (SD 1.1) cm, and 83.0 (SD 1.4) kg] participated in an 8-day military exercise characterized by high energy expenditure (16.5 MJ/day), low energy intake (6.5 MJ/day), and sleep deprivation (4 h/24 h) and were randomly divided into two dietary groups: 0.9 and 0.5 g/kg dietary protein intake. IGF-I system analytes, androgens, and body composition were assessed before and on days 4 and 8 of the intervention. Total, free, and nonternary IGF-I and testosterone declined 50%, 64%, 55%, and 45%, respectively, with similar reductions in both groups. There was, however, a diet × time interaction on day 8 for total IGF-I and sex hormone-binding globulin. Decreases in body mass (3.2 kg), fat-free mass (1.2 kg), fat mass (2.0 kg), and percent body fat (1.5%) were similar in both groups ( P = 0.01). Dietary protein content of 0.5 and 0.9 g/kg minimally attenuated the decline of IGF-I, the androgenic system, and fat-free mass during 8 days of negative energy balance associated with high energy expenditure and low energy intake.

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