Importance and Variability of Transducing Systems in the Control of Thyroid Cell Function, Proliferation and Differentiation

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rasp� ◽  
S. Reuse ◽  
C. Maenhaut ◽  
P. Roger ◽  
B. Corvilain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

The effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on the growth and function of human thyrocytes

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Taylor ◽  
L. J. Millatt ◽  
G. StJ. Whitley ◽  
A. P. Johnstone ◽  
S. S. Nussey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Transfected Cells ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was quantitated in human primary thyrocyte cultures and thyroid cell lines produced by transfection with pSV3neo. Immunoreactive-bFGF (ir-bFGF) bound to heparin–Sepharose affinity columns eluted with 1·8–2·0 mol NaCl/l and had a molecular weight of approximately 17 000. Recombinant human bFGF in the presence of 5% serum increased the growth of transfected human thyrocytes but not the growth of primary human thyrocytes. Preincubation of cells with up to 100 μg bFGF/l potentiated TSH-stimulated cAMP release from the transfected cells but inhibited release from primary human thyroid cultures. bFGF may be an important modulator of thyroid cell function and growth. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 339–344

scholarly journals CD4+ T Cell Dependent B Cell Recovery and Function After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Heck ◽  
Sophie Steiner ◽  
Eva M. Kaebisch ◽  
Marco Frentsch ◽  
Friedrich Wittenbecher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
High Dose Chemotherapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
B Cell Function ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

IntroductionHigh-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) represents a standard treatment regime for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Common and potentially fatal side effects after auto-HSCT are infections due to a severely compromised immune system with hampered humoral and cellular immunity. This study delineates in depth the quantitative and functional B cell defects and investigates underlying extrinsic or intrinsic drivers.MethodsPeripheral blood of MM patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and auto-HSCT (before high-dose chemotherapy and in early reconstitution after HSCT) was studied. Absolute numbers and distribution of B cell subsets were analyzed ex vivo using flow cytometry. Additionally, B cell function was assessed with T cell dependent (TD) and T cell independent (TI) stimulation assays, analyzing proliferation and differentiation of B cells by flow cytometry and numbers of immunoglobulin secreting cells in ELISpots.ResultsQuantitative B cell defects including a shift in the B cell subset distribution occurred after auto-HSCT. Functionally, these patients showed an impaired TD as well as TI B cell immune response. Individual functional responses correlated with quantitative alterations of CD19+, CD4+, memory B cells and marginal zone-like B cells. The TD B cell function could be partially restored upon stimulation with CD40L/IL-21, successfully inducing B cell proliferation and differentiation into plasmablasts and immunoglobulin secreting cells.ConclusionQuantitative and functional B cell defects contribute to the compromised immune defense in MM patients undergoing auto-HSCT. Functional recovery upon TD stimulation and correlation with CD4+ T cell numbers, indicate these as extrinsic drivers of the functional B cell defect. Observed correlations of CD4+, CD19+, memory B and MZ-like B cell numbers with the B cell function suggest that these markers should be tested as potential biomarkers in prospective studies.

The influence of cell shape on mammary cell function in vitro

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 660-663
Author(s):  
J.M. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Mammary Cell ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements ◽  
Cells Cultured

It has become increasingly apparent that the normal proliferation and differentiation of cells, in both the embryo and the adult, may be dependent on the cells' interaction with the extracellular matrix. A number of investigators utilizing a variety of systems have demonstrated that the in vitro association of cells with biological substrata results in markedly improved proliferation and differentiation over that seen in cells cultured on plastic. An important, unresolved question arising from these studies concerns how the interaction(s) of the cell surface with the extracellular matrix elicits differential gene expression. One intriguing possibility is that the influence of the extracellular matrix is communicated to the nucleus via a chemomechanical bridge provided by the cytoskeleton. If this is true, then it would be expected that perturbation of cytoskeletal elements caused by changes in cell shape due to cell-substrate interactions might result in impaired cell function.

scholarly journals The effects of synthetic 19-norprogestins on osteoblastic cell function are mediated by their non-phenolic reduced metabolites

2007 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juana Enríquez ◽  
Ana Elena Lemus ◽  
Jesús Chimal-Monroy ◽  
Higinio Arzate ◽  
Gustavo A García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Osteoblastic Cell ◽  
Osteoblast Proliferation ◽  
Mineral Deposition ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Rat Osteoblasts

The key role of estrogens on osteoblastic cell function is well documented; however, the role of progesterone (P) and synthetic progestins remains controversial. While several reports indicate that P has no significant effects on bone cells, a number of clinical studies have shown that 19-norprogestins restore postmenopausal bone loss. The mechanisms by which 19-norprogestins induce estrogen-like effects on bone cells are not fully understood. To assess whether the actions of 19-norprogestins on osteoblasts are mediated by their non-phenolic metabolites, we studied the effects of norethisterone (NET), levonorgestrel (LNG), and two of their A-ring reduced derivatives upon cell proliferation and differentiation in neonatal rat osteoblasts. Osteoblast function was assessed by determining cell DNA, cell-associated osteocalcin and calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineral deposition. P failed to induce changes on osteoblasts, while NET and LNG exerted a number of actions. The most striking finding was that the 3β,5α- and 3α,5α-tetrahydro derivatives of NET and LNG induced osteoblast proliferation and differentiation with higher potency than those exerted by their parent compounds, mimicking the effects of estradiol. Interestingly, osteoblast differentiation and mineral deposition induced by NET and LNG were abolished by finasteride, a 5α-reductases inhibitor, while the potent effect on osteoblast proliferation induced by progestin derivatives was abolished by a steroidal antiestrogen. Results demonstrate that A-ring reduced derivatives of NET and LNG exhibit intrinsic estrogen-like potency on rat osteoblasts, offering a plausible explanation for the mechanism of action of 19-norprogestins in bone restoration in postmenopausal women and providing new insights for hormone replacement therapy research.

A Region on the Human Thyrotropin Receptor which can Induce Antibodies that Inhibit Thyrotropin-mediated Activation of in vitro Thyroid Cell Function also contains a Highly Immunogenic epitope

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johns S. Dallas ◽  
Gattadahalli S. Seetharamaiah ◽  
Samuel J. Cunningham ◽  
Randall M. Goldblum ◽  
Rajesh K. Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Thyrotropin Receptor ◽  
Immunogenic Epitope

scholarly journals The Role of MicroRNAs in Cardiac Stem Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Purvis ◽  
Andrew Bahn ◽  
Rajesh Katare
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cardiac Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Stem cells are considered as the next generation drug treatment in patients with cardiovascular disease who are resistant to conventional treatment. Among several stem cells used in the clinical setting, cardiac stem cells (CSCs) which reside in the myocardium and epicardium of the heart have been shown to be an effective option for the source of stem cells. In normal circumstances, CSCs primarily function as a cell store to replace the physiologically depleted cardiovascular cells, while under the diseased condition they have been shown to experimentally regenerate the diseased myocardium. In spite of their major functional role, molecular mechanisms regulating the CSCs proliferation and differentiation are still unknown. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Recent studies have demonstrated the important role of miRs in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as other physiological and pathological processes related to stem cell function. This review summarises the current understanding of the role of miRs in CSCs. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which miRs regulate CSCs may lead to advances in the mode of stem cell therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Minimal oxidative load: a prerequisite for thyroid cell function

2009 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Poncin ◽  
Ides M Colin ◽  
Anne-Catherine Gérard
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Aerobic Respiration ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Minimal Level ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Oxidative Load

In addition to reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by mitochondria during aerobic respiration, thyrocytes are continuously producing H2O2, a key element for hormonogenesis. Because nothing is known about ROS implication in normal non-stimulated cells, we studied their possible involvement in thyrocytes incubated with a potent antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). NAC, which blocked the production of intracellular ROS, also decreased dual oxidases, thyroperoxidase, pendrin, and thyroglobulin protein and/or gene expression. By contrast, Na+/I− symporter mRNA expression was unaffected. Among antioxidant systems, peroxiredoxin (PRDX) five expression was reduced by NAC, whereas peroxiredoxin three increased and catalase remained unchanged. In vivo, the expression of both dual oxidases and peroxiredoxin five proteins was also decreased by NAC. In conclusion, when intracellular ROS levels drop below a basal threshold, the expression of proteins involved in thyroid cell function is hampered. This suggests that keeping ROS at a minimal level is required for safeguarding thyrocyte function.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document