Cryptococcosis in the Immunocompromised Host

2015 ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Heinz Kofler ◽  
Peter Fritsch
Keyword(s):  
Immunocompromised Host

Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov ◽  
O.M. Verner ◽  
L.F. Slepova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Major Clinical Problem

Species of the Acinetobacter represent opportunistic bacteria with a growing clinical significance for Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). In this literature review, we focus on the current role of Acinetobacter in infectious pathology and describe taxonomy, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance of these bacteria. Pathogenesis and regulation of virulence factors in Acinetobacter spp. are described in detail. The majority of acinetobacterial infections are associated with A. baumannii and occur predominantly in an immunocompromised host. Usually, acinetobacterial  infections  are characterized by local purulent inflammation; in severe cases, meningitis and sepsis may develop. Antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter is a major clinical problem; therefore we give special attention to laboratory testing of resistance to antibiotics as well as identification of Acinetobacter.

Bk Polyoma Virus Nephropathy In An Immunocompromised Host.

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faraz Khan ◽  
Maroun El Khoury ◽  
Fahad Kouli ◽  
Aaron Han
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Graft Failure ◽  
Renal Transplant Patient ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Late Complication ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Polyoma Virus ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Early Graft

Background: Post-transplant Lymphopoliferative disorders(PTLD) are a well known late complication after solid organ transplantation including renal transplant. Among others, graft failure due to reactivation of BK polyoma virus in the grafted kidney is also a well recognized complication but tends to present early in the first several months after transplant. Case: Here we present the case of PTLD Burkitt's lymphoma(BL-PTLD) in a renal transplant patient who was successfully treated with multiagent chemo-immunotherapy but later developed BK polyoma virus nephropathy(BKVN) with graft failure only after completion of her systemic therapy for lymphoma and 7 years after transplant. Relevant literature is reviewed. Conclusion: In this case, reactivation and progression of BKVN was most likely associated with immunosuppression from chemoimmunotherapy for her BL–PTLD unlike early graft failures associated with BKVN.

scholarly journals Septic shock due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in an adult immunocompetent patient: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Hashimoto ◽  
Ryuichi Takenaka ◽  
Haruka Fukuda ◽  
Kazuhiko Hashinaga ◽  
Shin-ichi Nureki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
The Right ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients

Abstract Background Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection can occur in an immunocompromised host. Although rare, bacteremia due to Y. pseudotuberculosis may also occur in immunocompetent hosts. The prognosis and therapeutic strategy, especially for immunocompetent patients with Y. pseudotuberculosis bacteremia, however, remains unknown. Case presentation A 38-year-old Japanese man with a mood disorder presented to our hospital with fever and diarrhea. Chest computed tomography revealed consolidation in the right upper lobe with air bronchograms. He was diagnosed with pneumonia, and treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone and azithromycin was initiated. The ceftriaxone was replaced with doripenem and the azithromycin was discontinued following the detection of Gram-negative rod bacteria in 2 sets of blood culture tests. The isolated Gram-negative rod bacteria were confirmed to be Y. pseudotuberculosis. Thereafter, he developed septic shock. Doripenem was switched to cefmetazole, which was continued for 14 days. He recovered without relapse. Conclusions We herein report a case of septic shock due to Y. pseudotuberculosis infection in an adult immunocompetent patient. The appropriate microorganism tests and antibiotic therapy are necessary to treat patients with Y. pseudotuberculosis bacteremia.

scholarly journals Reinforcing the Immunocompromised Host Defense against Fungi: Progress beyond the Current State of the Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Georgios Karavalakis ◽  
Evangelia Yannaki ◽  
Anastasia Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Cell Immunotherapy ◽  
Life Threatening

Despite the availability of a variety of antifungal drugs, opportunistic fungal infections still remain life-threatening for immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation or solid organ transplantation. Suboptimal efficacy, toxicity, development of resistant variants and recurrent episodes are limitations associated with current antifungal drug therapy. Adjunctive immunotherapies reinforcing the host defense against fungi and aiding in clearance of opportunistic pathogens are continuously gaining ground in this battle. Here, we review alternative approaches for the management of fungal infections going beyond the state of the art and placing an emphasis on fungus-specific T cell immunotherapy. Harnessing the power of T cells in the form of adoptive immunotherapy represents the strenuous protagonist of the current immunotherapeutic approaches towards combating invasive fungal infections. The progress that has been made over the last years in this field and remaining challenges as well, will be discussed.

scholarly journals Clinical Presentation and Management of a Dinutuximab Beta Extravasation in a Patient with Neuroblastoma

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Michael Launspach ◽  
Marita Seif ◽  
Theresa M. Thole ◽  
Patrick Jesse ◽  
Joachim Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Drug Application ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
Inflammatory Toxicity ◽  
Bacterial Superinfection

Extravasation can present serious accidental complication of intravenous drug application. While monoclonal antibodies do not show the necrotic potential of cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, considerable inflammatory toxicity can occur, necessitating standardized operating procedures for the management of their extravasation. Here, we report the clinical course and management of dinutuximab beta extravasation in a 3-year-old child. Dinutuximab beta is a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting the GD2 disialoganglioside on the surface of neuroblastoma cells that has in recent years gained significant importance in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma, now contributing to both first- and second-line therapy protocols. The dinutuximab beta extravasation reported here occurred when the patient received the antibody cycle as a continuous infusion over a 10-day period after haploidentical stem cell transplantation for relapsed high-risk neuroblastoma. The extravasated dinutuximab beta caused local pain, swelling, and hyperemia accompanied by fever and an overall deterioration in the general condition. Laboratory diagnostics demonstrated an increase in C-reactive protein level and total white blood cell count. Clinical complication management consisted of intravenous fluid therapy, local dabbing with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), analgesia with dipyrone, as well as application of intravenous antibiotics to prevent bacterial superinfection in the severely immunocompromised host. The patient considerably improved after six days with this treatment regimen and fully recovered by day 20.

Spinal Infections in the Immunocompromised Host

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Broner ◽  
Douglas E. Garland ◽  
Jack E. Zigler
Keyword(s):  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Spinal Infections
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