Treatment of Neurological Disorders Except Migraine with Calcium Antagonists

2015 ◽  
pp. 155-193
Author(s):  
A. Hartmann ◽  
P. A. van Zwieten
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Antagonists ◽  
Neurological Disorders

The Classification of Calcium Antagonists by the WHO Expert Committee: Relevance in Neurology

Cephalalgia ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Agnoli
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Antagonists ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Migraine Prophylaxis ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Classification Of Calcium Antagonists

A new classification of calcium antagonists has been developed by a WHO expert committee. Substances acting primarily via the inhibition of calcium entry into the cell have been divided into four distinct classes. The pharmacological characteristics of these classes that may be relevant for the use in various neurological disorders are highlighted in this paper. Some main differences concern the effects on vascular smooth muscle cells and brain cells. The well-documented clinical applications in neurology are still limited to migraine prophylaxis and vertigo. The evidence concerning the usefulness in cerebral vasospasm secondary to subarachnoid haemorrhage was regarded as reasonable, whereas several neurological indications should still be regarded as being under examination. There is little doubt that calcium antagonists will gain importance in the treatment of several neurological diseases.

Ultrastructural Effects of Acute Kepone Treatment in Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Richard L. Klein ◽  
Åsa K. Thureson-Klein ◽  
Harihara M. Mehendale
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

KeponeR (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one) is an insecticide effective against ants and roaches. It can cause severe toxicity in fishes, birds, rodents and man. Prominent effects include hepatic lipid deposition and hypertrophy, impairment of reproductive capacity and neurological disorders. Mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase is also inhibited. The present study is a preliminary investigation of tissue ultrastructural changes accompanying physiological signs of acute toxicity, which after two days treatment include: pronounced hypersensitivity and tremor, various degrees of anorexia and adipsia, and decreased weight gain.Three different series of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River or CD-I) were treated by intubation with Kepone in corn oil at a dose of 50 mg per kg for 3 successive days or at 200 ppm in food for 8 days. After ether anesthesia, rats were immediately perfused via a cannula in the left ventricle with 4% p-formaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde in Millonig's phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 for 20-30 min at 22°C.

Musical Anhedonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Sara E. Holm ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Christoph J. Ploner
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Precise Information ◽  
Exact Localization ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Some people, although they are perfectly healthy and happy, cannot enjoy music. These individuals have musical anhedonia, a condition which can be congenital or may occur after focal brain damage. To date, only a few cases of acquired musical anhedonia have been reported in the literature with lesions of the temporo-parietal cortex being particularly important. Even less literature exists on congenital musical anhedonia, in which impaired connectivity of temporal brain regions with the Nucleus accumbens is implicated. Nonetheless, there is no precise information on the prevalence, causes or exact localization of both congenital and acquired musical anhedonia. However, the frequent involvement of temporo-parietal brain regions in neurological disorders such as stroke suggest the possibility of a high prevalence of this disorder, which leads to a considerable reduction in the quality of life.

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