Acute and Long-Term Effects of Antidepressant Serotonin (5-HT) Reuptake Blockers on the Efficacy of 5-HT Neurotransmission: Electrophysiological Studies in the Rat Central Nervous System

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Chaput ◽  
Pierre Blier ◽  
Claude de Montigny
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies

scholarly journals Maternal Overnutrition Induces Long-Term Cognitive Deficits across Several Generations

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitalee Sarker ◽  
Daria Peleg-Raibstein
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Overnutrition

Ample evidence from epidemiological studies has linked maternal obesity with metabolic disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in the next generation. Recently, it was also shown that maternal obesity has long-term effects on the progeny’s central nervous system. However, very little is known regarding how maternal overnutrition may affect, in particular, the cognitive abilities of the offspring. We reported that first-generation offspring exposed to a maternal high-fat diet (MHFD) displayed age-dependent cognitive deficits. These deficits were associated with attenuations of amino acid levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus regions of MHFD offspring. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MHFD in mice may induce long-term cognitive impairments and neurochemical dysfunctions in the second and third generations. We found that MHFD led to cognitive disabilities and an altered response to a noncompetitive receptor antagonist of the N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor in adult MHFD offspring in both second and third generations in a sex-specific manner. Our results suggest that maternal overnutrition leads to an increased risk of developing obesity in subsequent generations as well as to cognitive impairments, affecting learning and memory processes in adulthood. Furthermore, MHFD exposure may facilitate pathological brain aging which is not a consequence of obesity. Our findings shed light on the long-term effects of maternal overnutrition on the development of the central nervous system and the underlying mechanisms which these traits relate to disease predisposition.

scholarly journals The influence of occupational environment and professional factors on the risk of cardiovascular disease

Medicina ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vytautas Obelenis ◽  
Vilija Malinauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The article reviews the recent scientific literature and the authors’ studies on this topic. Occupational conditions and psychological factors have been shown to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Their effect is often indirect, through damage to the central nervous, respiratory, and neuroendocrine systems. Hot climate in the workplace and intense infrared radiation cause the water and electrolyte imbalance and chronic hyperthermia and manifests as neurovegetative dystonia. The long-term effects of low temperatures condition ischemic lesions in circulatory system, trophic organ destruction. The influence of ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic radiation on the cardiovascular system is directly related to the central nervous system and neurohumoral lesions. “Microwave disease” often manifests as polymorphic dystonia. Exposure to occupational vibration causes “white finger” syndrome or Raynaud’s phenomenon together with cerebral vascular lesions. Recent studies have confirmed that noise as a chronic stressor causes the imbalance in the central and vegetative nervous systems and changes in homeostasis. Noise increases catecholamine and cholesterol concentration in blood, has an effect on plasma lipoprotein levels, increases heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and risk of myocardial infarction. Psychophysiological changes caused by long-term stress influence constant pathological changes in the central nervous system, endocrine and cardiovascular systems. The long-term effect of psychogenic stressors is very important in the etiopathogenesis of psychosomatic diseases.

The long-term effects of cranial irradiation on the central nervous system

Cancer ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (S7) ◽  
pp. 1841-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia K. Duffner ◽  
Michael E. Cohen ◽  
Patrick R. M. Thomas ◽  
Shirley B. Lansky
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals The Long Term Influence of Low-Level Sarin Exposure on Behavioral and Neurophysiological Functions in Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kassa ◽  
Marie Koupilová ◽  
Josef Herink ◽  
Josef Vachek
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Stereotyped Behavior ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Convulsive Activity ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Level 2

1. Long term effects of low doses of highly toxic organophosphorus agent sarin on behavioral and neurophysiological functions were studied in rats exposed to sarin by inhalation. The toxic effects of sarin were monitored using a functional observational battery (FOB), an automatic measurement of motor activity and a test of excitability of central nervous system at 3, 6 and 12 months following sarin exposure. 2. The results indicate that sarin at symptomatic as well as asymptomatic doses (level 2 and 3) is able to induce some neurotoxic effects (a decrease in activity and mobility, an alteration of gait, an increase in stereotyped behavior) including an increase in the excitability of central nervous system (an increase in convulsive activity following the administration of pentamethylenetetrazole) in rats at 3 months following inhalation exposure. Some sings of increased excitability were also observed in sarin-exposed rats following 6 or 12 months (an increase in exploratory activity, body temperature and a hindlimb grip strength at 6 months following exposure to sarin at asymptomatic doses, an increase in tail-pinch response at 12 months following exposure to sarin at symptomatic doses). 3. Therefore, nerve agents such as sarin seem to be harmful not only at high, clinically symptomatic doses but also at low, clinically asymptomatic doses because of long term manifestation of alteration of neurophysiological functions in sarin-exposed rats without disruption of cholinergic nervous system.

scholarly journals V. Fast and slow extrinsic modulation of dorsal vagal complex circuits

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. G595-G601 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Alberto Travagli ◽  
Richard C. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Dorsal Vagal Complex ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Single Drug ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Vagal Reflex ◽  
Complex Circuits

Vago-vagal reflex circuits in the medulla are responsible for the smooth coordination of the digestive processes carried out from the oral cavity to the transverse colon. In this themes article, we concentrate mostly on electrophysiological studies concerning the extrinsic modulation of these vago-vagal reflex circuits, with a particular emphasis on two types of modulation, i.e., by “fast” classic neurotransmitters and by “slow” neuromodulators. These examples review two of the most potent modulatory processes at work within the dorsal vagal complex, which have dramatic effects on gastrointestinal function. The reader should be mindful of the fact that many more different inputs from other central nervous system (CNS) loci or circulating humoral factors add to this complex mix of modulatory inputs. It is likely that similar long-term modulations of synaptic transmission occur with other neurotransmitters and may represent an important mechanism for the integration and regulation of neuronal behavior. Of course, this fact strongly militates against the success of any single drug or approach in the treatment of motility disorders having a CNS component.

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