Role of Keto Acids in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Renal Osteopathy

2015 ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Fr�hling ◽  
R. Schmicker ◽  
K. Lindenau ◽  
K. Vetter ◽  
F. Kokot
Keyword(s):  
Keto Acids ◽  
Renal Osteopathy

Kinetic serum creatinine assays I. The role of various factors in determining specificity.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-554
Author(s):  
L D Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Kinetic Methods ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Analytical Reagent ◽  
Kinetic Methods Of Analysis

Abstract We studied the specificity of kinetic methods of analysis, with emphasis on creatinine determination. The error contributed by an interferent that reacts with the analytical reagent and absorbs at the wavelength of analysis is shown to be related to the ratio of the equilibrium absorbances of the analyte and interferent, the ratio of the rate constants, the extent of the analytical reaction, and the duration of the measurement. To assess the potential diminution of the interference with kinetic methods, we determined the rate constants of several alpha-keto acids in the Jaffé reaction. Evaluation of the advantages of various measuring techniques with respect to specificity showed the main factors to be the extent of the analytical reaction and the relative value of the rate constants. Total specificity for creatine appears to be unattainable with currently used kinetic techniques.

THE ROLE OF KETO ACIDS IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON DIOXIDE ASSIMILATION

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. N. Towers ◽  
D. C. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Assimilation ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon

Of the keto acids identified in leaves of sugar beet and other plants exposed to C14O2, pyruvic acid was found to be the only one labelled in light periods up to 45 sec. α-Ketoglutaric and glyoxylic acids became radioactive after about 45 sec. Radioactive hydroxypyruvate was not identified under these conditions and labelled oxaloacetate was detected only in trace amounts after 60 sec. in Scenedesmus. In contrast glycine and serine were labelled after 10 sec. under comparable conditions and aspartic acid was appreciably labelled after 30 sec. The effect on the radioactivity of the keto acids of an additional period intracer-free air, with and without light, as well as the dark incorporation of C14O2 was studied. These results are discussed in relation to the role of the ketoacids in photosynthesis. It is concluded that the synthesis of amino acids such as glycine, serine, and aspartic acid may be effected by mechanisms other than transamination in green leaves in the light.

scholarly journals PSXIV-19 Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on productive parameters and ruminal VFA profile in sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 437-438
Author(s):  
Carolina Robles ◽  
Laura Gonzáles Davalos ◽  
Ofelia Mora ◽  
Yesmin Hermanadez ◽  
Armando Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Oxidative Decarboxylation ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Mechanism Research

Abstract Alpha lipoic acid (LA) is a potent nutritional antioxidant. It is a derivate of octanoic acid containing a cyclic disulfide bond. An LA complex with lysine-lipoamide, functions as a co-factor in the mitochondrial dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of α-keto acids. In this reaction, LA is reduced to dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), which interacts with reactive oxygen species, and LA can also inactivate free radicals. Another important role of DHLA is in signal transduction by activating insulin receptors, which causes glucose transporters translocation from cytoplasm to the cell surface. Due to its potential antioxidant effect at ruminal level, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fed LA on productive parameters, ruminal fatty volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and blood glucose of sheep. Sixty-four, two-months-old, crossbred lambs were penned in groups of four, divided into four treatments: 0, 40, 80, and 120 ppm LA in diet. During 84 days, every 28 days on two consecutive days, animals were weighed (to determine average daily weight gain, DWG), blood and ruminal fluid were taken for glucose and VFA quantification, respectively. All variables were analyzed in a completely randomized design. DWG was statistically higher in those animals receiving 80 ppm (250 g) as compared to the rest (200, 188, 180 g for 120, 40, 0 ppm, respectively) (P < 0.0001). No differences in blood glucose or ruminal VFA were found (P > 0.1). LA could improve the productive performance of sheep; however, it would be necessary to study the role of LA and its effects on the ruminal microbiome and its action mechanism. Research support by Project PAPIIT-UNAM IN211518

Intermediate role of α-keto acids in the formation of Strecker aldehydes

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 1140-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Hidalgo ◽  
Rosa M. Delgado ◽  
Rosario Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Keto Acids ◽  
Strecker Aldehydes ◽  
Intermediate Role

THE ROLE OF KETO ACIDS IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON DIOXIDE ASSIMILATION

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. N. Towers ◽  
D. C. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Assimilation ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon

Of the keto acids identified in leaves of sugar beet and other plants exposed to C14O2, pyruvic acid was found to be the only one labelled in light periods up to 45 sec. α-Ketoglutaric and glyoxylic acids became radioactive after about 45 sec. Radioactive hydroxypyruvate was not identified under these conditions and labelled oxaloacetate was detected only in trace amounts after 60 sec. in Scenedesmus. In contrast glycine and serine were labelled after 10 sec. under comparable conditions and aspartic acid was appreciably labelled after 30 sec. The effect on the radioactivity of the keto acids of an additional period intracer-free air, with and without light, as well as the dark incorporation of C14O2 was studied. These results are discussed in relation to the role of the ketoacids in photosynthesis. It is concluded that the synthesis of amino acids such as glycine, serine, and aspartic acid may be effected by mechanisms other than transamination in green leaves in the light.

scholarly journals Hydrogen peroxide detoxification is a key mechanism for growth of ammonia-oxidizing archaea

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (28) ◽  
pp. 7888-7893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Geol Kim ◽  
Soo-Je Park ◽  
Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté ◽  
Stefan Schouten ◽  
W. Irene C. Rijpstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Keto Acid ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Decarboxylation Reaction ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), that is, members of the Thaumarchaeota phylum, occur ubiquitously in the environment and are of major significance for global nitrogen cycling. However, controls on cell growth and organic carbon assimilation by AOA are poorly understood. We isolated an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon (designated strain DDS1) from seawater and used this organism to study the physiology of ammonia oxidation. These findings were confirmed using four additional Thaumarchaeota strains from both marine and terrestrial habitats. Ammonia oxidation by strain DDS1 was enhanced in coculture with other bacteria, as well as in artificial seawater media supplemented with α-keto acids (e.g., pyruvate, oxaloacetate). α-Keto acid-enhanced activity of AOA has previously been interpreted as evidence of mixotrophy. However, assays for heterotrophic growth indicated that incorporation of pyruvate into archaeal membrane lipids was negligible. Lipid carbon atoms were, instead, derived from dissolved inorganic carbon, indicating strict autotrophic growth. α-Keto acids spontaneously detoxify H2O2 via a nonenzymatic decarboxylation reaction, suggesting a role of α-keto acids as H2O2 scavengers. Indeed, agents that also scavenge H2O2, such as dimethylthiourea and catalase, replaced the α-keto acid requirement, enhancing growth of strain DDS1. In fact, in the absence of α-keto acids, strain DDS1 and other AOA isolates were shown to endogenously produce H2O2 (up to ∼4.5 μM), which was inhibitory to growth. Genomic analyses indicated catalase genes are largely absent in the AOA. Our results indicate that AOA broadly feature strict autotrophic nutrition and implicate H2O2 as an important factor determining the activity, evolution, and community ecology of AOA ecotypes.

scholarly journals The role of technological factors in the formation of SO2-binding complex of base wines

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Ирина Валериевна Пескова ◽  
Елена Викторовна Остроухова ◽  
Ольга Владимировна Зайцева ◽  
Наталия Юрьевна Луткова ◽  
Мария Александровна Вьюгина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Technological Methods

Работа направлена на развитие сектора винопродукции с повышенной адаптацией к физиологическим потребностям человека, в частности, на снижение содержания диоксида серы в белых винах. Цель - изучение влияния технологических приемов на формирование SO2-связывающего комплекса виноматериалов, являющегося фактором эффективности антиоксидантного и антимикробного действия диоксида серы. Методика эксперимента включала выработку виноматериалов из винограда разных сортов при варьировании режимов и параметров технологических операций; аналитические исследования винограда и виноматериалов общепринятыми методами; статистический анализ данных. Показана превалирующая роль дозы сульфитации сусла в динамике содержания кетокислот, альдегидов и SO2-связывающих свойств в системе «виноград-виноматериал»: 75 мг/дм3 диоксида серы приводят к увеличению значений показателей в 1,4-2,9 раза. Определены культуры Saccharomyces cerevisiae, которые обусловливают наименьшее накопление SO2-связывающих компонентов в виноматериалах: штаммы I-525, I-307, I-527 из Коллекции микроорганизмов виноделия «Магарач» и прием Pied de cuve. Выявлена зависимость направленности и степени изменения содержания альдегидов и a-кетоглутаровой кислоты в цепочке «виноград - виноматериал» от сорта винограда. Определены режимы и параметры исследованных технологических приемов для винограда сортов Алиготе, Ркацители и Мускат белый, способствующие выработке виноматериалов с наименьшим SO2-связывающим потенциалом. Определены вопросы для дальнейшей экспериментальной проработки. The work is aimed at the developing the sector of wine products with increased adaptation to physiological needs of humans, in particular, at reducing the content of sulfur dioxide in white wines. The goal is to study the effect of technological methods on the formation of SO2-binding complex of base wines, which is a factor of efficiency of the sulfur dioxide antioxidant and antimicrobial action. The experimental procedure included the production of base wines from grapes of different varieties, changing modes and parameters of technological processes; analytical studies of grapes and base wines using conventional methods; statistical data analysis. The predominant role of the must sulfiting dosage in dynamics of content of keto acids, aldehydes and SO2-binding properties in the system "grapes - base wine" is shown: the amount of 75 mg/dm3 of sulfur dioxide leads to an increase in the values of parameters by 1.4-2.9 times. The cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, causing the least accumulation of SO2-binding components in base wines, were specified: strains I-525, I-307, I-527 from the Magarach Collection of Microorganisms of Winemaking and the pied de cuve method. The dependence of direction and degree of change in the content of aldehydes and a-ketoglutaric acid in the chain "grapes - base wine" from the variety of grapes was revealed. Modes and parameters of the studied technological methods for grape varieties 'Aligote', 'Rkatsiteli' and 'Muscat Blanc', contributing to the production of base wines with the lowest SO2-binding potential, have been determined. The issues for further experimental study have been identified.

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