Therapeutic Potential of Cytokines: A Comparison of Preclinical and Clinical Studies

2015 ◽  
pp. 154-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Talmadge
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

scholarly journals Pharmacological Properties of Chalcones: A Review of Preclinical Including Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahare Salehi ◽  
Cristina Quispe ◽  
Imane Chamkhi ◽  
Nasreddine El Omari ◽  
Abdelaali Balahbib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Chalcones are among the leading bioactive flavonoids with a therapeutic potential implicated to an array of bioactivities investigated by a series of preclinical and clinical studies. In this article, different scientific databases were searched to retrieve studies depicting the biological activities of chalcones and their derivatives. This review comprehensively describes preclinical studies on chalcones and their derivatives describing their immense significance as antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, psychoactive, and neuroprotective agents. Besides, clinical trials revealed their use in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, skin conditions, and cancer. Bioavailability studies on chalcones and derivatives indicate possible hindrance and improvement in relation to its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Multifaceted and complex underlying mechanisms of chalcone actions demonstrated their ability to modulate a number of cancer cell lines, to inhibit a number of pathological microorganisms and parasites, and to control a number of signaling molecules and cascades related to disease modification. Clinical studies on chalcones revealed general absence of adverse effects besides reducing the clinical signs and symptoms with decent bioavailability. Further studies are needed to elucidate their structure activity, toxicity concerns, cellular basis of mode of action, and interactions with other molecules.

scholarly journals The role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in nicotine addiction

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Funda Akkus ◽  
Sylvia Terbeck ◽  
Connor J. Haggarty ◽  
Valerie Treyer ◽  
Janan J. Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Nicotine Abuse ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Abstract This review summarizes the evidence for the potential involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the development of nicotine addiction. Nicotine is consumed worldwide and is highly addictive. Previous research has extensively investigated the role of dopamine in association with reward learning and addiction, which has provided strong evidence for the involvement of dopaminergic neuronal circuitry in nicotine addiction. More recently, researchers focused on glutamatergic transmission after nicotine abuse, and its involvement in the reinforcing and rewarding effects of nicotine addiction. A number of robust preclinical and clinical studies have shown mGluR5 signaling as a facilitating mechanism of nicotine addiction and nicotine withdrawal. Specifically, clinical studies have illustrated lower cortical mGluR5 density in smokers compared to nonsmokers in the human brain. In addition, mGluR5 might selectively regulate craving and withdrawal. This suggests that mGluR5 could be a key receptor in the development of nicotine addiction and therefore clinical trials to examine the therapeutic potential of mGluR5 agents could help to contribute to reduce nicotine addiction in society.

Buprenorphine: prospective novel therapy for depression and PTSD

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-893
Author(s):  
Caitlin A. Madison ◽  
Shoshana Eitan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Kappa Opioid Receptor ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

AbstractBackgroundDepression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are leading causes of disability and loss of life by suicide. Currently, there are less than satisfactory medical solutions to treat these mental disorders. Here, we explore recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the potential of using buprenorphine to treat major depressive disorder, treatment-resistant depression, and PTSD.MethodBibliographic databases were searched to include preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the therapeutic potential of buprenorphine and the involvement of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) in mediating these effects.ResultsOriginal clinical studies examining the effectiveness of buprenorphine to treat depression were mixed. The majority of participants in the PTSD studies were males and suffer from chronic pain and/or substance use disorders. Nonetheless, these recent studies and analyses established proof of concept warranting farther investigations. Additionally, KOR likely mediates the antidepressant and some of the anxiolytic effects of buprenorphine. Still, it appears that the full spectrum of buprenorphine's beneficial effects might be due to activity at other opioid receptors as well.ConclusionsPharmaceuticals' abilities to treat medical conditions directly relates to their ability to act upon the endogenous biological systems related to the conditions. Thus, these recent findings are likely a reflection of the central role that the endogenous opioid system has in these mental illnesses. Further studies are necessary to study the involvement of endogenous opioid systems, and specifically KOR, in mediating buprenorphine's beneficial effects and the ability to treat these medical conditions while minimizing risks for misuse and diversion.

scholarly journals Exosomes contribution in COVID-19 patients’ treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loubna Mazini ◽  
Luc Rochette ◽  
Gabriel Malka
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

AbstractAdipose cell-free derivatives have been recently gaining attention as potential therapeutic agents for various human diseases. In this context, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), adipocyte mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) possessing potent immunomodulatory activities are proposed as a therapeutic option for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 represents a global concern of public health caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in which there is not actually any specific therapy. MSCs exert an immunomodulation effect due to the secretion of endogenous factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin growth factor (IGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and growth differentiation factor (GDF)-11. Recent reports are promising for further studies and clinical applications of ADSCs and Ad-MSCs in COVID-19 patients. Experimental and clinical studies are exploring the therapeutic potential of both MSCs and derived-exosomes in moderating the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. In this field, more preclinical and clinical studies are warranted to find an effective treatment for the patients suffering from COVID-19 infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document