19 A Model of the Relationships among Energy Supply, Energy Demand, and Behavior

2015 ◽  
pp. 231-249
Author(s):  
N. J. Munro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
And Behavior

Fuzzy multi-objective decision making approach for nuclear power plant installation

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6339-6350
Author(s):  
Esra Çakır ◽  
Ziya Ulukan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Multi Objective

Due to the increase in energy demand, many countries suffer from energy poverty because of insufficient and expensive energy supply. Plans to use alternative power like nuclear power for electricity generation are being revived among developing countries. Decisions for installation of power plants need to be based on careful assessment of future energy supply and demand, economic and financial implications and requirements for technology transfer. Since the problem involves many vague parameters, a fuzzy model should be an appropriate approach for dealing with this problem. This study develops a Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming (FMOLP) model for solving the nuclear power plant installation problem in fuzzy environment. FMOLP approach is recommended for cases where the objective functions are imprecise and can only be stated within a certain threshold level. The proposed model attempts to minimize total duration time, total cost and maximize the total crash time of the installation project. By using FMOLP, the weighted additive technique can also be applied in order to transform the model into Fuzzy Multiple Weighted-Objective Linear Programming (FMWOLP) to control the objective values such that all decision makers target on each criterion can be met. The optimum solution with the achievement level for both of the models (FMOLP and FMWOLP) are compared with each other. FMWOLP results in better performance as the overall degree of satisfaction depends on the weight given to the objective functions. A numerical example demonstrates the feasibility of applying the proposed models to nuclear power plant installation problem.

Optimization of the energy supply in the plastics industry to reduce the primary energy demand

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 790-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Dunkelberg ◽  
Johannes Wagner ◽  
Conrad Hannen ◽  
B. Alexander Schlüter ◽  
Long Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Plastics Industry

Integration of Renewable Energy in Refrigerated Warehouses

2015 ◽  
pp. 803-853
Author(s):  
Kostadin Fikiin ◽  
Borislav Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Control

Refrigerated warehouses are large energy consumers and account for a significant portion of the global energy demand. Nevertheless the opportunity for integration of renewable resources in the energy supply of large cold storage facilities is very often unjustifiably neglected, whereas the employment of renewable energy for many other industrial and comfort applications is actively promoted and explored. In that context, the purpose of this chapter is to bridge the existing gap by raising the public awareness of stakeholders, researchers, practicing engineers and policy makers about the availability of a number of smart engineering solutions and control strategies to exploit renewables of different nature (solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, etc.) in the food storage sector, as well as by calling the readers' attention to the specialised knowledge in the matter, which has been published so far.

Part II Predominant Security Challenges and International Law, Economic and Resource Security, Ch.25 Energy Security in International Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgandi Tibisay ◽  
Viñuales Jorge E
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Legal Frameworks

This chapter investigates the concept of ‘energy security’, understood as the ‘uninterrupted availability of energy resources at an affordable price’. Importantly, according to this definition, the ‘availability’ of energy resources is measured against existing energy demand, and threats to energy security are therefore threats to the supply of enough energy to meet existing energy demand. Energy supply depends upon both domestic and international factors which are so interconnected that it is difficult to distinguish where one starts and the other ends. What is clear, however, is that international law plays a fundamental role in addressing many threats to energy security. The chapter looks at existing threats to energy security and the international legal frameworks that have been established in response. The challenges to energy security include an exponential increase in world energy demand, shortages of national oil and gas deposits, the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuel production in order to counteract climate change, as well as risks of geopolitical instability. The chapter then focuses on the mechanisms aimed to ensure that the flow of energy remains uninterrupted and at an affordable price, as well as on those mechanisms aimed at increasing access to energy resources.

Energy solutions for producing shale oil: Characteristics of energy demand and economic analysis of energy supply options

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 116603
Author(s):  
Chang Huang ◽  
Hongjuan Hou ◽  
Gang Yu ◽  
Le Zhang ◽  
Eric Hu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Oil Characteristics

IAEA INPRO Project: A Vision of How to Meet the Opportunities and Challenges of Large-Scale Nuclear Energy Development

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khoroshev ◽  
F. Depisch ◽  
S. Subbotin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
International Project ◽  
Fuel Cycles ◽  
Sustainable Energy Supply

The IAEA International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO) can be considered as the IAEA’s response to the challenges of growing energy demand. INPRO’s activities are intended to help to achieve one of the main objectives of the IAEA — to promote the development and peaceful use of nuclear energy. INPRO applies a carefully developed Methodology to assess Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems (INS) and to define R&D needs and deployment strategies for the development of large-scale regional and global INS. The purpose is to match the opportunities and challenges of sustainable energy supply provided by nuclear energy (NE) to the global balance of demands and resources.

scholarly journals The Markov Chain of Energy Carryover Reserves in Models of Power Supply Reliability in Remote

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Elena Gubiy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Nested Models ◽  
Markov Sequence ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Supply Reliability

We consider mathematical models for analyzing the energy supply reliability of isolated systems and propose a three-level complex of nested models. The lower level represents the model of functioning of the energy supply system during the period under review. The second level is a model of the energy supply reliability analysis. This analysis is based on multiple simulations of functioning of the energy supply system in randomly formed conditions. The energy sources demand and supply, as well as the amount of carryover reserves of energy in storage, are assumed to be random values. To simulate functioning, the values of energy demand and production are formed using the Monto-Carlo method following their laws of probability. The random value of the carryover reserves is formed using the algorithm that generates the Markov sequence of these reserves. The upper level is represented by the model for selecting the optimal composition of the means ensuring reliability, i.e. energy reserves in the energy production and storage capacity. It was revealed that the algorithm for generating the random value of the energy sources carryover reserves yields the homogenous Markov sequence. Sufficient conditions for uniqueness of the stationary state were determined. Based on the experimental calculations, we estimated the number of iterations required to reach the stationary ergodic state.

scholarly journals Development of electric power network infrastructure in aspect of electric energy supply security – case study Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Waldemar Dolega
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Network Infrastructure ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Energy Supply Security

In this paper, an analysis of issues related to development of national electric power network infrastructure in aspect of electric energy security is performed. Profile of network infrastructure in area of transmission and distribution is performed. Threats for electric energy supply security connected with transmission and distribution infrastructure are discussed. Both transmission and distribution electric power network are adapted for presently occurred typical conditions of electric energy demand and realization of internal tasks in normal conditions, but can create potential threat for electric energy supply security. In the context of forecasted increase of electric energy demand, inadequate power in National Electric Power System (NEPS) in domestic sources and available through intersystem connections, uneven location of sources and consumers at shortage of proper network transmission capacities, necessity of improvement of quality and electric energy supply reliability to final consumers and intensive development of renewable energy sources, present network infrastructure in area of transmission and distribution will be insufficient. Development of 400 and 220 kV transmission network, 110 kV distribution network especially in area of cities, MV distribution network especially in rural areas and realization of investments for improvement of export-import possibilities of NEPS will be necessary. Challenges for transmission and distribution system operators in area of network development are performed. They concern mainly investment sphere and area connected with preparation and construction of network investments.

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