Observer Rating Scales of Anxiety and Depression with Reference to DSM-III for Clinical Studies in Psychosomatic Medicine

2015 ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bech
Keyword(s):  
Psychosomatic Medicine ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Observer Rating

Science is Measurement

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
T. Silverstone
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Observer Rating ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
New Treatment

In the assessment of phobic and obsessional states three approaches have been adopted—self rating scales, observer rating scales and physiological measurements. A comprehensive approach utilising all methods is suggested in the evaluation of new treatment techniques.

The Relationship Between Anxiety and Depression in Children: Rating Scales and Clinical Variables*

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stavrakaki ◽  
B. Vargo ◽  
L. Boodoosingh ◽  
N. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Observer Ratings ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depressed Children

The present study examined the relationship between anxiety and depression in children in the context of proposed adult models. The results support the qualitative distinction between anxious and depressed patient groups on subsets of rating scale measures and clinical variables. In contrast to anxious children who were younger, (day patients) had been ill for longer than one year, presented with behavioral problems, and were low on observer ratings of depressive symptoms; depressed children were older, (inpatients) had been ill for less than one year, presented with emotional problems and were high on observer ratings of both anxious and depressive symptoms. The finding that the older depressed children were concurrently anxious while the younger anxious children were not concurrently depressed is discussed from the viewpoint of a hypothesized temporal sequence between anxiety and depression. The implication of this and other related findings are discussed in regard to their importance for differential diagnosis and prognosis.

scholarly journals Assessment of adverse effects in clinical studies of antipsychotic medication: survey of methods used

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Pope ◽  
Clive Adams ◽  
Carol Paton ◽  
Tim Weaver ◽  
Thomas R. E. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Schizophrenia Group ◽  
Tolerability Data ◽  
Definition Of

BackgroundClinical studies of antipsychotic medication are a primary source of data on the nature of, and relative liability for, adverse effects, relevant to prescribing decisions in clinical practice.AimsTo identify how safety and tolerability data were collected and reported in recent clinical studies of antipsychotics.MethodA survey was conducted of all 167 eligible studies published between 2002 and 2007 on the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group register.ResultsExtrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) and weight gain were most frequently assessed. A minority of reports addressed metabolic abnormalities, aversive subjective experiences and sexual dysfunction. Published rating scales were frequently used to evaluate EPS, but systematic methods were rarely applied to other treatment-emergent problems. The definition of individual adverse effects and the manner of reporting were inconsistent.ConclusionsThe way in which safety and tolerability data are collected and reported in clinical studies does not allow for fair and meaningful comparison of the relative risk profiles of individual antipsychotic drugs.

Effects of Acupuncture on the Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Caused by Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Carvalho ◽  
Kelly Weires ◽  
Márcia Ebling ◽  
Maristela de Souza Rabbo Padilha ◽  
Ygor Arzeno Ferrão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Sham Acupuncture ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Group 1

Objective The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of acupuncture and sham acupuncture on the symptoms of anxiety and depression brought on by premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Methods In a single-blind randomised clinical trial, 30 volunteers with PMDD were assigned alternately to group 1 (acupuncture) or group 2 (sham acupuncture), and completed an evaluation of symptoms of anxiety and depression using the Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) Rating Scales. The procedure was performed twice a week for two menstrual cycles, for a total of 16 attendances for each participant. Results Before the intervention the mean HAM-A and HAM-D scores did not differ between groups. Following the intervention symptoms of anxiety and depression were reduced in both groups; however, the improvement was significant in group 1 compared to group 2, as shown by a mean reduction in HAM-A scores of 58.9% in group 1 and 21.2% in group 2 (p<0.001). The reduction in the mean HAM-D scores was 52.0% in group 1 and 19.6% in group 2, resulting in a significant difference (p=0.012). Conclusions The results suggest that acupuncture could be another treatment option for PMDD patients.

scholarly journals Effects of chronically high levels of aldosterone on different cognitive dimensions: an investigation in patients with primary aldosteronism

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Engler ◽  
Christian Adolf ◽  
Daniel A Heinrich ◽  
Anna-Katharine Brem ◽  
Anna Riester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Standardized Treatment ◽  
Quantitative Performance ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

Primary aldosteronism is a natural model for chronic aldosterone excess in humans and associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Cognitive deficits are inherent to the symptomatology of depression and anxiety disorders. Mineralocorticoid receptors and aldosterone appear to play a role in memory. Aldosterone was additionally supposed to be a risk factor for cognitive decline in patients with essential hypertension. The objective of this study was to investigate possible effects of chronically high aldosterone concentrations on cognitive function. A range of cognitive dimensions were assessed in 19 patients (9 males, 10 females); mean age 47.1 (12.5) under standardized treatment and several rating scales for anxiety, depression, quality of life and sleep were administered. Cognitive parameters were compared to standard norms from a large, healthy standardization sample. Patients showed increased levels of anxiety and depression without meeting diagnostic criteria for a disorder. Besides a numerically lower attention score, patients did not show any significant differences in the cognitive dimensions. Anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with quantitative performance in males. In females, a negative correlation between sleep disturbances and abstract reasoning and a positive correlation with quantitative performance were found. Our data showed no specific effect of chronic aldosterone in the tested cognitive parameters overall at least in younger patients, but they indicate sexually dimorphic regulation processes.

scholarly journals SUBJECTIVE METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF DRIVER DROWSINESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Mashko
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Critical Behavior ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Driver Drowsiness ◽  
Observer Rating ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Long Time

The paper deals with the issue of fatigue and sleepiness behind the wheel, which for a long time has been of vital importance for the research in the area of driver-car interaction safety. Numerous experiments on car simulators with diverse measurements to observe human behavior have been performed at the laboratories of the faculty of the authors. The paper provides analysis and an overview and assessment of the subjective (self-rating and observer rating) methods for observation of driver behavior and the detection of critical behavior in sleep deprived drivers using the developed subjective rating scales.

Sensitivity and specificity of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in the detection of anxiety disorders in older people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Cheung ◽  
Colin Patrick ◽  
Glenda Sullivan ◽  
Manisha Cooray ◽  
Catherina L. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Older People ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Anxiety Subscale

ABSTRACTBackground: Anxiety and depression are prevalent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of two self-administered anxiety rating scales in older people with COPD. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) are established useful screening tools but they have not been previously validated in this population.Methods: Older people with COPD completed the GAI and the HADS along with a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The outcomes of both rating scales were compared against the diagnosis of anxiety disorders based on the MINI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal diagnostic cut points for each scale.Results: Fourteen (25.5%) of the 55 participants, were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Mean GAI and HADS-anxiety subscale scores were significantly higher in subjects with an anxiety disorder than those without the diagnosis (p = 0.002 and 0.005 respectively). Both scales demonstrated moderate diagnostic value (area under the ROC curve was 0.83 for GAI and 0.79 for HADS). Optimal cut points were ≥3 (GAI) and ≥4 (HADS-anxiety subscale). At these cut-points, the GAI had a sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 78.0% and the HADS had a sensitivity of 78.6%, specificity 70.7%.Conclusion: Our results support the use of the GAI and HADS as screening instruments for anxiety disorders in older people with COPD. The optimal cut points in this population were lower than previously recommended for both rating scales. The results of this study should be replicated before these cut points can be recommended for general use in older people with COPD.

Multidimensional Health Locus of Control: A New Perspective on the Psychopathology of Anxiety and Depression?

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Quinn ◽  
Hugh Norris
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Multidimensional Health ◽  
Normal Controls

The primary purpose of the study was to assess the validity of the reported relationship between an ‘externalised’ locus of control and the psychopathology of anxiety and depression. 36 clinical out-patients primarily presenting as anxious, depressed or both and 46 normal controls were tested on the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control together with self-rating scales of anxiety and depression. With regard to the clinical group in particular, the hypothesised relationships between the ‘Chance’ and ‘Powerful Others’ dimensions of locus of control and the psychopathology of depression and anxiety did not emerge. In contrast, although the normal group showed no correlation of locus of control scores with depression, a positive and significant correlation was displayed with anxiety as measured by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Implications for current theoretical formulations for psychopathology, scale specificity, and the need to delineate client populations carefully were discussed.

The Leeds Scales for the Self-Assessment of Anxiety and Depression

1976 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Snaith ◽  
G. W. K. Bridge ◽  
Max Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Diagnostic Score ◽  
Psychiatric State

SummarySelf-rating scales are finding an increasing use in psychiatric work. Not only are they widely used in research, but they provide the clinician with a score indicating the patient's psychiatric state at any one time, and these scores if repeated throughout the duration of treatment may be considered to provide a continuing measure of the severity of the illness, as does a temperature chart in a febrile illness. Most scales could be improved by item analysis, and in this study the Wakefield Self-Assessment of Depression Inventory, with added items, was subjected to statistical analysis. It was found that valid scales could be constructed for the measurement of anxiety and of depression in general psychiatric disorder, as well as scales for the measurement of the severity of endogenous (primary) depression and of anxiety states. In addition, the derivation of a ‘diagnostic’ score was confirmed in a cross-validation study and may be found of use both in research and in clinical practice.

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