Adaptations to Training in Patients with Exercise-Induced Left Ventricular Dysfunction1

2015 ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Ehsani
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Network analysis of the left anterior descending coronary arteries in swim-trained rats by an in situ video microscopic technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Török ◽  
Petra Merkely ◽  
Anna Monori-Kiss ◽  
Eszter Mária Horváth ◽  
Réka Eszter Sziva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Resistance Artery ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background We aimed to identify sex differences in the network properties and to recognize the geometric alteration effects of long-term swim training in a rat model of exercise-induced left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Methods Thirty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: male sedentary, female sedentary, male exercised and female exercised. After training sessions, LV morphology and function were checked by echocardiography. The geometry of the left coronary artery system was analysed on pressure-perfused, microsurgically prepared resistance artery networks using in situ video microscopy. All segments over > 80 μm in diameter were studied using divided 50-μm-long cylindrical ring units of the networks. Oxidative-nitrative (O-N) stress markers, adenosine A2A and estrogen receptor (ER) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results The LV mass index, ejection fraction and fractional shortening significantly increased in exercised animals. We found substantial sex differences in the coronary network in the control groups and in the swim-trained animals. Ring frequency spectra were significantly different between male and female animals in both the sedentary and trained groups. The thickness of the wall was higher in males as a result of training. There were elevations in the populations of 200- and 400-μm vessel units in males; the thinner ones developed farther and the thicker ones closer to the orifice. In females, a new population of 200- to 250-μm vessels appeared unusually close to the orifice. Conclusions Physical activity and LV hypertrophy were accompanied by a remodelling of coronary resistance artery network geometry that was different in both sexes.

Les facteurs cliniques qui influencent le pronostic post-infarctus à un an

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
Sylvie Robichaud-Ekstrand
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Prognostic Stratification ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exercise Induced

Many clinical factors influence the 1-year prognosis in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. The most important clinical determinants are the left ventricular dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, and complex ventricular arrhythmias. Some authors have found an independent prognostic value of complex ventricular arrhythmias, while others consider that ventricular arrhythmias predict future cardiac events only if associated with low ejection fractions. Other factors that have 1-year prognostic value are the following: a previous MI, a history of angina at least 3 months preceding the infarct, postmyocardial angina, and the criteria that indicate to the practitioner whether MI patients are medically ineligible for stress testing. There still remain controversies in regard to the predictive value of certain variables such as the site, type, and extension of the MI, the presence of complex ventricular arrhythmias, exercise-induced hypotension, ST segment elevation, and the electrical provocation of dangerous arrhythmias. Key words: cardiac rehabilitation, postinfarct mortality and morbidity, cardiac events predictors, postinfarct prognostic stratification

Improvement by isosorbide dinitrate of exercise-induced regional myocardial dysfunction

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. H399-H405
Author(s):  
T. Kumada ◽  
K. P. Gallagher ◽  
M. Miller ◽  
M. McKown ◽  
F. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isosorbide Dinitrate ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Regional Myocardial Function ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Coronary Obstruction ◽  
Control Exercise

Sonomicrometry was used in 10 conscious dogs to measure regional segment length and dynamic wall thickness by telemetry in a zone supplied by the left circumflex coronary artery after implantation of an ameroid constrictor. When coronary obstruction was nearly complete and collaterals had developed (24-42 days), control exercise and exercise runs after oral isosorbide dinitrate were carried out. During control runs, significant increases occurred in hemodynamic parameters, and percent shortening in normal segments increased (P < 0.01). During the repeat runs after isosorbide dinitrate, there were smaller increases in left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures and significantly reduced end-diastolic dimensions. In addition, percent wall thickening and percent segment shortening in the ischemic zone did not deteriorate significantly during exercise. In this animal model, which appears to mimic chronic single-vessel coronary heart disease, isosorbide dinitrate can prevent exercise-induced deterioration of regional myocardial function.

Effects of beta-blockade on regional myocardial flow and function during exercise

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. H52-H60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Matsuzaki ◽  
J. Patritti ◽  
T. Tajimi ◽  
M. Miller ◽  
W. S. Kemper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Beta Blockade ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Ischemic Area ◽  
Ischemic Region ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Control Exercise

We examined the effects of a cardioselective beta-blocking drug on exercise-induced regional myocardial ischemia in 10 conscious dogs with chronic coronary artery stenosis. An ameroid constrictor, Doppler flowprobe, and hydraulic cuff were placed around the left circumflex coronary artery, and left ventricular pressure (LVP), systolic wall thickening (% delta WT; by sonomicrometry), and myocardial blood flow (MBF; microspheres) were measured during control standing, control treadmill exercise, and identical exercise after atenolol (1 mg/kg po). Prior to study, in every dog % delta WT and MBF in the ischemic area were normal at rest, indicating collateral development. During control exercise, % delta WT in the ischemic region markedly decreased from 27 to 4%, and transmural ischemia was evident in that region. Heart rate, systolic LVP, and LV (+)dP/dt were significantly lower during exercise after atenolol than during control exercise. % delta WT in the normal area was only 81% of that during control exercise, but dysfunction in the ischemic area was improved (77% increase compared with control exercise). Accompanying the improved function was a significant increase of MBF/beat and relative MBF in the ischemic zone; the endocardial-to-epicardial ratio increased from 0.27 to 0.47. Thus atenolol improved regional MBF distribution, thereby diminishing exercise-induced regional myocardial dysfunction and accelerating its recovery.

scholarly journals Cardiac and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Endurance Open Water Swimmers Assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance: Impact of Sex and Sport Discipline

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Martínez ◽  
María Sanz-de la Garza ◽  
Blanca Domenech-Ximenos ◽  
César Fernández ◽  
Ana García-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Pulmonary Remodeling ◽  
The Impact

Background: The cardiac response to endurance exercise has been studied previously, and recent reports have described the extension of this remodeling to the pulmonary vasculature. However, these reports have focused primarily on land-based sports and few data are available on exercise-induced cardio-pulmonary adaptation in swimming. Nor has the impact of sex on this exercise-induced cardio-pulmonary remodeling been studied in depth. The main aim of our study was to evaluate cardiac and pulmonary circulation remodeling in endurance swimmers. Among the secondary objectives, we evaluate the impact of sex and endurance sport discipline on this cardio-pulmonary remodeling promoted by exercise training.Methods:Resting cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 30 healthy well-trained endurance swimmers (83.3% male) and in 19 terrestrial endurance athletes (79% male) to assess biventricular dimensions and function. Pulmonary artery dimensions and flow as well as estimates of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were also evaluated.Results:In relation to the reference parameters for the non-athletic population, male endurance swimmers had larger biventricular and pulmonary artery size (7.4 ± 1.0 vs. 5.9 ± 1.1 cm2, p &lt; 0.001) with lower biventricular ejection fraction (EF) (left ventricular (LV) EF: 58 ± 4.4 vs. 67 ± 4.5 %, p &lt; 0.001; right ventricular (RV) EF: 60 ± 4 vs. 66 ± 6 %, p &lt; 0.001), LV end-diastolic volume (EDV): 106 ± 11 vs. 80 ± 9 ml/m2, p &lt; 0.001; RV EDV: 101 ± 14 vs. 83 ± 12 ml/m2, p &lt; 0.001). Significantly larger LV volume and lower LV EF were also observed in female swimmers (LV EF: 60 ± 5.3 vs. 67 ± 4.6 %, p = 0.003; LV EDV: 90 ± 17.6 vs. 75± 8.7 ml/m2, p = 0.002). Compared to terrestrial endurance athletes, swimmers showed increased LV indexed mass (75.0 ± 12.8 vs. 61.5 ± 10.0 g/m2, p &lt; 0.001). The two groups of endurance athletes had similar pulmonary artery remodeling.Conclusions: Cardiac response to endurance swimming training implies an adaptation of both ventricular and pulmonary vasculature, as in the case of terrestrial endurance athletes. Cardio-pulmonary remodeling seems to be less extensive in female than in male swimmers.

scholarly journals Sex differences in exercise induced left ventricular dysfunction in patients with syndrome X.

Heart ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Favaro ◽  
J L Caplin ◽  
J J Fettiche ◽  
D S Dymond
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Left Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract 1756: Determination of the Mechanism of Elevated Left Ventricular Filling Pressures with Exercise: A Simultaneous Echocardiographic-Catheterization Study

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissam A Jaber ◽  
Barry A Borlaug ◽  
Margaret M Redfield ◽  
Pui W Lee ◽  
Steve R Ommen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Group ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Filling Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Relaxation ◽  
Rate Table ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Ventricular Filling ◽  
Group 1

Background: Exercise normally enhances LV relaxation with minimal change in filling pressure (P). We hypothesize that exercise in hypertensive (HTN) patients increases LV diastolic P through a direct effect on relaxation and ventricular-vascular coupling. Methods: Patients (n=21) with HTN, normal EF, and no coronary disease underwent simultaneous micromanometer LV P and echo-Doppler measurements at rest and with low level supine exercise (12 bicycle; 9 arm weight). Continuous volume (V) was obtained from mitral Doppler inflow and end-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) V from 2-D echo. Relaxation-corrected LV diastolic P was used for PV relationship P = α.e β*V ; to account for covariance in α and β, LV capacitance (EDV 20 = Ln[20mmHg/α]/β) was reported. Single beat method was used for LV ES elastance (Ees). Group 1 did not increase mean LV diastolic P (mDP) with exercise, Group 2 increased mDP >6mmHg. Results: LV diastolic P and arterial and LV ES elastance increased with exercise; EDV was stable; EDV 20 decreased. Compared to Group 1, Group 2 had a greater exercise-induced increase in afterload, associated with increase in LV minimal P and impaired augmentation of relaxation rate (Table & Figure ). Conclusions: In patients with HTN, impairment of ventricular relaxation plays a major role in causing LV filling P increase with exercise, which is related to ventricular-vascular coupling.

Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Exercise-Induced Eccentric Hypertrophy

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Luigi Cassisa ◽  
Gianni DiGirolamo ◽  
Stefano Masia ◽  
Marco Foddanu ◽  
Lorenzo Ibba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Left Ventricular Structure ◽  
Ventricular Structure ◽  
Eccentric Hypertrophy ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Function

Right ventricular oxygen supply/demand balance in exercising dogs

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (2) ◽  
pp. H823-H830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Hart ◽  
Xiaoming Bian ◽  
Patricia A. Gwirtz ◽  
Srinath Setty ◽  
H. Fred Downey
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Conscious Animal ◽  
Flow Reserve ◽  
Exercise Induced

This is the first investigation of right ventricular (RV) myocardial oxygen supply/demand balance in a conscious animal. A novel technique developed in our laboratory was used to collect right coronary (RC) venous blood samples from seven instrumented, conscious dogs at rest and during graded treadmill exercise. Contributions of the RV oxygen extraction reserve and the RC flow reserve to exercise-induced increases in RV oxygen demand were measured. Strenuous exercise caused a 269% increase in RV oxygen consumption. Expanded arteriovenous oxygen content difference (A-VΔO2) provided 58% of this increase in oxygen demand, and increased RC blood flow (RCBF) provided 42%. At less strenuous exercise, expanded A-VΔO2 provided 60–80% of the required oxygen, and increases in RCBF were small and driven by increased aortic pressure. RC resistance fell only at strenuous exercise after the extraction reserve had been mobilized. Thus RC resistance was unaffected by large decreases in RC venous Po 2 until an apparent threshold at 20 mmHg was reached. Comparisons of RV findings with published left ventricular data from exercising dogs demonstrated that increased O2 demand of the left ventricle is met primarily by increasing coronary flow, whereas increased O2extraction makes a greater contribution to RV O2 supply.

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