Restoration of Blood Levels of Testosterone in Male Uremics Following a Low Protein Diet Supplemented with Essential Amino Acids and Ketoanalogues1

2015 ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Barsotti ◽  
Fulvio Ciardella ◽  
Ester Morelli ◽  
Piero Fioretti ◽  
Giovanbattista Melis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Low Protein

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS OF A PATIENT WITH HYPERGLYCINEMIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barton Childs ◽  
William L. Nyhan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Low Protein

Observations of a patient with hyperglycinemia have been extended. The patient, who has been subsisting on a low protein diet, has shown some improvement in the clinical manifestations though he has failed to grow. Loading experiments have increased the list of amino acids capable of inducing ketosis and symptoms in the patient to five: leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, and methionine. Eleven other amino acids have been similarly tested and were found to be beneficial, reducing the toxicity of the five ketogenic amino acids. Blood levels of the amino acids have been measured under a variety of circumstances. When given alone, the toxic amino acids were found to accumulate in the blood. Such accumulations were less striking when the nonketogenic amino acids were given together with the ketogenic ones. The patient has been benefitted by a diet low in protein which has been supplemented by the innocuous amino acids.

scholarly journals The relative effects of a low-protein-high-carbohydrate diet on the free amino acid composition of liver and muscle

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
P. G. Lunn ◽  
R. G. Whitehead ◽  
B. A. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Low Protein

1. Free amino acid concentrations in the plasma have been compared with those in liver and quadriceps muscle, in rats fed on diets containing 209 (control) and 31 (low-protein) g protein/kg. The effects of the low-protein diet on diurnal variations in these values were also measured.2. In the plasma, the total amino acid concentration was significantly lower in animals given the low-protein diet, at all times of day except 12.00 hours. In the liver, and to a lesser extent the muscle, total amino acid concentration was maintained.3. In the control animals, diurnal variation in the concentrations of both essential and non-essential amino acids was very similar in plasma, liver and muscle. In animals given the low-protein diet, although the same diurnal pattern was maintained for non-essential amino acids, that occurring among the essential amino acids had virtually disappeared.4. In plasma, the mean 24 h concentration of essential amino acids decreased from 24· mmol/l in control animals to only 1·29 mmol/l in the low-protein-fed animals. Concentrations in muscle and liver were reduced by a similar proportion (from 8·6 to 5·56 μmol/g and from 8·67 to 5·05 μmol/g respectively). Conversely the concentrations of non-essential amino acids in animals given the low-protein diet were increased in plasma (from 1·53 to 2·00 mmol/l), muscle (from 12·5 to 14·3 μmol/g), and liver (from 16·8 to 20·5 μmol/g), muscle showing the lowest increase.5. With the exceptions of lysine, threonine, cystine and tyrosine, the concentrations of all other essential amino acids were reduced more in liver than in muscle. The relationship between this and the failure to maintain plasma albumin concentrations is discussed.

scholarly journals Tau‐induced brain atrophy and neuroinflammation accelerated by low‐protein diet and decelerated by selected essential amino acids in a murine model of tauopathies

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhei Takado ◽  
Hideaki Sato ◽  
Masako Tsukamoto‐Yasui ◽  
Keiichiro Minatohara ◽  
Manami Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein

Effects of low protein diet and low protein diet supplemented with synthetic essential amino acids on meat quality of broiler chickens

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Kobayashi ◽  
Kazuki Nakashima ◽  
Aiko Ishida ◽  
Akane Ashihara ◽  
Masaya Katsumata
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein

scholarly journals Maternal Low-Protein Diet or Hypercholesterolemia Reduces Circulating Essential Amino Acids and Leads to Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Diabetes ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. S. Bhasin ◽  
A. van Nas ◽  
L. J. Martin ◽  
R. C. Davis ◽  
S. U. Devaskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Low Protein

scholarly journals Serum Oxalic Acid in Uremia: Effect of a Low-Protein Diet Supplemented with Essential Amino Acids and Ketoanalogues

Nephron ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Barsotti ◽  
C. Cristofano ◽  
E. Morelli ◽  
M. Meola ◽  
S. Lupetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein

scholarly journals The value of a low-protein diet and ketoanalogues of essential amino acids in the сontrol of protein carbamylation and toxic effects of urea in chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-735
Author(s):  
Nataliia A. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by high mortality from cardiovascular diseases, the development of which is facilitated by traditional risk factors (typical for the general population) and by nontraditional ones (specific to patients with CKD) as well. These factors include also uremic toxins, for which a causal relationship has been established with specific pathological processes in patients with CKD, comprising the development of vascular dysfunction and accelerated progression of atherosclerosis. Urea has long been considered not as a uremic toxin, but as a marker of metabolic imbalance or dialysis efficiency (Kt/V) in CKD patients. In recent years, more and more publications have appeared on the study of the toxic effects of urea with the development of toxic-uremic complications and the phenotype of premature aging, common in CKD. It was found that an increase in urea levels in uremic syndrome causes damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier with translocation of bacterial toxins into the bloodstream and the development of systemic inflammation, provokes apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as endothelial dysfunction, which directly contributes to the development of cardiovascular complications. The indirect effects of increased urea levels are associated with carbamylation reactions, when isocyanic acid (a product of urea catabolism) changes the structure and function of proteins in the body. Carbamylation of proteins in CKD patients is associated with the development of renal fibrosis, atherosclerosis and anemia. Thus, urea is now regarded as an important negative agent in the pathogenesis of complications in CKD. Studies on a low-protein diet with using ketoanalogues of essential amino acids to minimize the accumulation of urea and other uremic toxins demonstrate the clinical benefit of such an intervention in slowing the progression of CKD and the development of cardiovascular complications.

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