Prostacyclin in the Cardiovascular System in Health and Disease

2015 ◽  
pp. 7-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Vane
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Health And Disease

Glucose transporters in cardiovascular system in health and disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Bertrand ◽  
Julien Auquier ◽  
Edith Renguet ◽  
Marine Angé ◽  
Julien Cumps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Glucose Transporters ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals The Glucocorticoid Receptor in Cardiovascular Health and Disease

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Knight ◽  
Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Glucocorticoid Signaling ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Family

The glucocorticoid receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor family that controls many distinct gene networks, governing various aspects of development, metabolism, inflammation, and the stress response, as well as other key biological processes in the cardiovascular system. Recently, research in both animal models and humans has begun to unravel the profound complexity of glucocorticoid signaling and convincingly demonstrates that the glucocorticoid receptor has direct effects on the heart and vessels in vivo and in vitro. This research has contributed directly to improving therapeutic strategies in human disease. The glucocorticoid receptor is activated either by the endogenous steroid hormone cortisol or by exogenous glucocorticoids and acts within the cardiovascular system via both genomic and non-genomic pathways. Polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor are also reported to influence the progress and prognosis of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide an update on glucocorticoid signaling and highlight the critical role of this signaling in both physiological and pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system. With increasing in-depth understanding of glucocorticoid signaling, the future is promising for the development of targeted glucocorticoid treatments and improved clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cannabidiol, a Non-Intoxicating Compound of Cannabis, on the Cardiovascular System in Health and Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6740
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kicman ◽  
Marek Toczek
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nitrative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Side Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health And Disease

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating and generally well-tolerated constituent of cannabis which exhibits potential beneficial properties in a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular disorders. Due to its complex mechanism of action, CBD may affect the cardiovascular system in different ways. Thus, we reviewed the influence of CBD on this system in health and disease to determine the potential risk of cardiovascular side effects during CBD use for medical and wellness purposes and to elucidate its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases. Administration of CBD to healthy volunteers or animals usually does not markedly affect hemodynamic parameters. Although CBD has been found to exhibit vasodilatory and antioxidant properties in hypertension, it has not affected blood pressure in hypertensive animals. Hypotensive action of CBD has been mainly revealed under stress conditions. Many positive effects of CBD have been observed in experimental models of heart diseases (myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis), stroke, neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, sepsis-related encephalitis, cardiovascular complications of diabetes, and ischemia/reperfusion injures of liver and kidneys. In these pathological conditions CBD decreased organ damage and dysfunction, oxidative and nitrative stress, inflammatory processes and apoptosis, among others. Nevertheless, further clinical research is needed to recommend the use of CBD in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Adipokines and the cardiovascular system: mechanisms mediating health and disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1029-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josette M. Northcott ◽  
Azadeh Yeganeh ◽  
Carla G. Taylor ◽  
Peter Zahradka ◽  
Jeffrey T. Wigle
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Tissue Expansion ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Vessel Growth ◽  
Major Cell Type ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Cells

This review focuses on the role of adipokines in the maintenance of a healthy cardiovascular system, and the mechanisms by which these factors mediate the development of cardiovascular disease in obesity. Adipocytes are the major cell type comprising the adipose tissue. These cells secrete numerous factors, termed adipokines, into the blood, including adiponectin, leptin, resistin, chemerin, omentin, vaspin, and visfatin. Adipose tissue is a highly vascularised endocrine organ, and different adipose depots have distinct adipokine secretion profiles, which are altered with obesity. The ability of many adipokines to stimulate angiogenesis is crucial for adipose tissue expansion; however, excessive blood vessel growth is deleterious. As well, some adipokines induce inflammation, which promotes cardiovascular disease progression. We discuss how these 7 aforementioned adipokines act upon the various cardiovascular cell types (endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, cardiomyocytes, and cardiac fibroblasts), the direct effects of these actions, and their overall impact on the cardiovascular system. These were chosen, as these adipokines are secreted predominantly from adipocytes and have known effects on cardiovascular cells.

scholarly journals Testosterone and Cardiovascular Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Tambo ◽  
Mohsin H.K. Roshan ◽  
Nikolai P. Pace
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Emerging Risk ◽  
Health And Disease

Cardiovascular disease [CVD] is a leading cause of mortality accounting for a global incidence of over 31%. Atherosclerosis is the primary pathophysiology underpinning most types of CVD. Historically, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were suggested to precipitate CVD. Recently, epidemiological studies have identified emerging risk factors including hypotestosteronaemia, which have been associated with CVD. Previously considered in the realms of reproductive biology, testosterone is now believed to play a critical role in the cardiovascular system in health and disease. The actions of testosterone as they relate to the cardiac vasculature and its implication in cardiovascular pathology is reviewed.

Autophagy in health and disease: focus on the cardiovascular system

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Mialet-Perez ◽  
Cécile Vindis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Autophagy Activity ◽  
Disease Focus

Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism of lysosome-mediated protein and organelle degradation that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In the last few years, specific functions for autophagy have been identified in many tissues and organs. In the cardiovascular system, autophagy appears to be essential to heart and vessel homeostasis and function; however defective or excessive autophagy activity seems to contribute to major cardiovascular disorders including heart failure (HF) or atherosclerosis. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of cardiovascular autophagy in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

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