Immunological Basis of Gonad Differentiation

2015 ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Gonad Differentiation

Chick gonad differentiation following excision of primordial germ cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. McCarrey ◽  
Ursula K. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Gonad Differentiation

scholarly journals N-Cadherin Is Critical for the Survival of Germ Cells, the Formation of Steroidogenic Cells, and the Architecture of Developing Mouse Gonads

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal P. Piprek ◽  
Michal Kolasa ◽  
Dagmara Podkowa ◽  
Malgorzata Kloc ◽  
Jacek Z. Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Gonad Differentiation ◽  
Steroidogenic Cells ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function

Normal gonad development assures the fertility of the individual. The properly functioning gonads must contain a sufficient number of the viable germ cells, possess a correct architecture and tissue structure, and assure the proper hormonal regulation. This is achieved by the interplay between the germ cells and different types of somatic cells. N-cadherin coded by the Cdh2 gene plays a critical role in this interplay. To gain an insight into the role of N-cadherin in the development of mouse gonads, we used the Cre-loxP system to knock out N-cadherin separately in two cell lines: the SF1+ somatic cells and the OCT4+ germ cells. We observed that N-cadherin plays a key role in the survival of both female and male germ cells. However, the N-cadherin is not necessary for the differentiation of the Sertoli cells or the initiation of the formation of testis cords or ovigerous cords. In the later stages of gonad development, N-cadherin is important for the maintenance of testis cord structure and is required for the formation of steroidogenic cells. In the ovaries, N-cadherin is necessary for the formation of the ovarian follicles. These results indicate that N-cadherin plays a major role in gonad differentiation, structuralization, and function.

scholarly journals Müllerian Inhibiting Substance in the Caudate Amphibian Pleurodeles waltl

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (10) ◽  
pp. 3931-3936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Al-Asaad ◽  
Dominique Chardard ◽  
Nathalie di Clemente ◽  
Jean-Yves Picard ◽  
Hélène Dumond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Müllerian Inhibiting Substance ◽  
Gonad Differentiation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Mullerian Ducts ◽  
Pleurodeles Waltl ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mullerian Inhibiting Substance

Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS, also known as anti-Müllerian hormone), is a key factor of male sex differentiation in vertebrates. In amniotes, it is responsible for Müllerian duct regression in male embryos. In fish, despite the absence of Müllerian ducts, MIS is produced and controls germ cell proliferation during gonad differentiation. Here we show for the first time the presence of MIS in an amphibian species, Pleurodeles waltl. This is very astonishing because in caudate amphibians, Müllerian ducts do not regress in males. Phylogenetic analysis of MIS P. waltl ortholog revealed that the deduced protein segregates with MIS from other vertebrates and is clearly separated from other TGF-β family members. In larvae, MIS mRNA was expressed at higher levels in the developing testes than in the ovaries. In the testis, MIS mRNA expression was located within the lobules that contain Sertoli cells. Besides, expression of MIS was modified in the case of sex reversal: it increased after masculinizing heat treatment and decreased after estradiol feminizing exposure. In addition to the data obtained recently in the fish medaka, our results suggest that the role of MIS on Müllerian ducts occurred secondarily during the course of evolution.

70 GONADAL DEVELOPMENT IN GUINEA PIG MALES (CAVIA PORCELLUS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
F. Oliveira ◽  
A. Santos ◽  
A. A. Neto
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Hormonal Function ◽  
Gonad Differentiation

Sexual differentiation in mammals is an event that presents many variations between species. Because it is related to hormonal function, any imbalance in the androgens and estrogens production can lead to malformations. Because sexual differentiation occurs in different ways among various animals, the recognition of their peculiarities becomes important in order to correct reproductive handling in different species. Considering that the guinea pig is commonly used as an experimental model in the reproductive area, the goal of this work was to perform a morphological description of gonad differentiation of the male guinea pig during embryonic development. In total, 11 conceptuses with ages 25 (n = 3), 30 (n = 2), 40 (n = 2), 50 (n = 2), and 65 (n = 2) days were used for light microscopy processing. The embryos at 25 days were processed completely. For the others, the gonads were dissected. The samples were dehydrated in alcohol, embedded in paraffin, and 5-µm sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. In the guinea pig gonad at 25 days gestation, there was a presence of gonadal cords, formed by condensation of somatic cells, which is characteristic of an undifferentiated gonad. In addition, we observed the presence of mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts in different embryos, indicating that other genital system organs were not formed. For the 30 days of development of guinea pigs, we observed that gonadal cords were differentiated in testicular cords by invasion of mesenchymal and endothelial cells, and also composed of Sertoli cells and primordial germ cells. These cords were among a large amount of testicular mesenchyme at the 40-day group. With 50- and 65-day development samples, the gonad was completely differentiated into testicle, with the presence of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules, and a large amount of interstitial Leydig cells around the tubules. We conclude that gonadal differentiation in guinea pig males occurs around the middle of pregnancy, between 25 and 30 days and that, before the end of the pregnancy, at 50 days, the testicle presents morphology similar to that found in the postnatal period.

scholarly journals Impacts of the synthetic androgen Trenbolone on gonad differentiation and development – comparisons between three deeply diverged anuran families

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Rozenblut-Kościsty ◽  
Maria Ogielska ◽  
Juliane Hahn ◽  
Denise Kleemann ◽  
Ronja Kossakowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gonad Differentiation

Roles of forkhead box protein L2 (foxl2) during gonad differentiation and maintenance in a fish, the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaofei Fan ◽  
Yuxia Zou ◽  
Dongdong Liang ◽  
Xungang Tan ◽  
Shuang Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Paralichthys Olivaceus ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Olive Flounder ◽  
Gonad Differentiation ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Family ◽  
Olive Flounder Paralichthys Olivaceus

As an important maricultured fish, the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus shows sex-dimorphic growth. Thus, the molecular mechanisms involved in sex control in P. olivaceus have attracted researchers’ attention. Among the sex-related genes, forkhead box protein L2 (foxl2) exhibits significant sex-dimorphic expression patterns and plays an important role in fish gonad differentiation and development. The present study first investigated the expression levels and promoter methylation dynamics of foxl2 during flounder gonad differentiation under treatments of high temperature and exogenous 17β-oestradiol (E2). During high temperature treatment, the expression of flounder foxl2 may be repressed via maintenance of DNA methylation. Then, flounder with differentiated testis at Stages I–II were treated with exogenous 5ppm E2 or 5ppm E2+150ppm trilostane (TR) to investigate whether exogenous sex hormones could induce flounder sex reversal. The differentiated testis exhibited phenotypic variations of gonadal dysgenesis with upregulation of female-related genes (foxl2 and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A (cyp19a)) and downregulation of male-related genes (cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2 (cyp11b2), doublesex- and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (dmrt1), anti-Mullerian hormone (amh) and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (sox9)). Furthermore, a cotransfection assay of the cells of the flounder Sertoli cell line indicated that Foxl2 was able alone or with nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 (Nr5a2) jointly to upregulate expression of cyp19a. Moreover, Foxl2 and Nr5a2 repressed the expression of dmrt1. In summary, Foxl2 may play an important role in ovarian differentiation by maintaining cyp19a expression and antagonising the expression of dmrt1. However, upregulation of foxl2 is not sufficient to induce the sex reversal of differentiated testis.

scholarly journals Transcription of paternal Y-linked genes in the human zygote as early as the pronucleate stage

Zygote ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asangla Ao ◽  
Robert P. Erickson ◽  
Robert M.L. Winston ◽  
Alan H Handysude
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Gonad Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Genome ◽  
Human Preimplantation Embryos

SummaryGlobal activation of the embryonic genome occurs at the 4– to 8–cell stage in human embryos and is marked by continuation of early cleavage divisions in the presence of transcriptional inhibitors. Here we demonstrate, using recerse transcripase–polymerase chin reaction (Rt–PCR), the presence of transcripts for wo paternal Y chromosomal genes, ZFY and SRY in human preimplantation embryos. ZFY transcripts were detected as early as the pronucleate stage, 20–24 h post-insemination In vitro and at intermediate stages up to the blastocyst stage. SRY Transcripts were also detected at 2–cell to blastocyos observed in many mammalian species focuses attention on the role of events in six determination prior to gonad differentiation.

Daudi supernatant, unlike other H-Y antigen sources, exerts a sex-reversing effect on embryonic chick gonad differentiation

1994 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
PeterJ.M. Hendriksen ◽  
Ulrich Drews ◽  
MaartenT. Frankenhuis ◽  
Robert Veerhuis ◽  
SandraM. Hengst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Gonad Differentiation
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