Urinary Calcium and Magnesium Variations during Sodium Cellulose Phosphate Treatment

2015 ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Trinchieri ◽  
A. Mandressi ◽  
G. Zanetti ◽  
E. Patelli ◽  
G. Donghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Cellulose Phosphate ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Phosphate Treatment

Thick ascending limb claudins are altered to increase calciuria and magnesiuria in metabolic acidosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il Hwan Oh ◽  
Chor Ho Jo ◽  
Sua Kim ◽  
Sungsin Jo ◽  
Sungjin Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Urinary calcium and magnesium wasting is a characteristic feature of metabolic acidosis, and this study focused on the role of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop in metabolic acidosis-induced hypercalciuria and hypermagnesiuria because thick ascending limb is an important site of paracellular calcium and magnesium reabsorption. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to determine the effects of acid loading (by adding NH4Cl 7.2 mmol/220 g BW/d to food slurry for 7 days) on renal expression of claudins and then to evaluate whether the results were reversed by antagonizing calcium-sensing receptor (using NPS-2143). At the end of each animal experiment, the kidneys were harvested for immunoblotting, immunofluorescence microscopy and qPCR analysis of claudins and the calcium-sensing receptor. As expected, NH4Cl loading lowered urinary pH and increased excretion of urinary calcium and magnesium. In NH4Cl-loaded rats, renal protein and mRNA expression of claudin-16, and claudin-19 decreased compared with controls. However, claudin-14 protein and mRNA increased in NH4Cl-loaded rats. Consistently, the calcium-sensing receptor protein and mRNA were upregulated in NH4Cl-loaded rats. All these changes were reversed by NPS-2143 coadministration and were confirmed using immunofluorescence microscopy. Hypercalciuria and hypermagnesiuria in NH4Cl-loaded rats were significantly ameliorated by NPS-2143 coadministration as well. We conclude that in metabolic acidosis, claudin-16 and claudin-19 in the thick ascending limb are downregulated to produce hypercalciuria and hypermagnesiuria via the calcium-sensing receptor.

The role of hemodynamic factors on urinary calcium and magnesium excretion

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gonda ◽  
N. Wong ◽  
J. F. Seely ◽  
J. H. Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Handling ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

The effects of unilateral vasodilatation and alterations in the mean arterial pressure upon the renal handling of calcium and magnesium were studied by clearance methods in dogs. Unilateral vasodilatation was produced by infusion of acetylcholine or bradykinin into the left renal artery, while arterial pressure was altered by aortic constriction, carotid occlusion and vagotomy, or by systemic infusion of angiotensin. Urinary electrolyte excretion was increased markedly by the infusion of each vasodilator and also varied directly with the mean arterial pressure, despite the absence of any significant changes in the filtered load. The fractional excretion of both calcium and magnesium correlated significantly with that of sodium. These results indicate that acute changes in renal hemodynamics modify the tubular reabsorption of divalent cations as well as alter sodium reabsorption.

Effect of calcitonin on calcium and magnesium transport in rat nephron

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (6) ◽  
pp. E573-E578 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Quamme
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Loop Of Henle ◽  
Plasma Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Magnesium Excretion

Renal calcium and magnesium reabsorption was investigated in young, thyroparathyroidectomized rats receiving synthetic salmon calcitonin. Kidney and tubular function was assessed by clearance and in vivo microperfusion techniques, respectively. Calcitonin reduced urinary calcium and magnesium excretion that was attributed to increased reabsorption within the loop of Henle. This enchanced reabsorption was independent of parathyroid hormone; however, it is contingent on a decline in plasma calcium concentration. Prevention of hypocalcemia by CaCl2 infusion in rats acutely administered calcitonin resulted in loop function comparable to animals not receiving the hormone. Calcitonin had little effect on proximal tubule or distal tubule electrolyte reabsorption. These results are consistent with a transport model for calcium and magnesium in the loop of Henle involving a contraluminal transfer step modulated by absolute extracellular calcium or magnesium. Furthermore, these studies suggest that the discrepancies present in the literature concerning renal effects of calcitonin on electrolyte reabsorption are due to variations in observed hormone action, namely, the effect on plasma calcium concentration.

Effect of Cellulose Phosphate on Calcium and Magnesium Homeostasis: Studies in Normal Subjects and Patients with Latent Hypoparathyroidism

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Parfitt
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Cellulose Phosphate ◽  
Parathyroid Function ◽  
Edta Infusion

1. The bivalent cation-binding agent, cellulose phosphate, was given for 6 days to four normal subjects and six patients with latent hypoparathyroidism (diagnosed by impaired response to EDTA infusion), all of whom were on a moderately low calcium diet. 2. In normal subjects, there was a prompt and sustained fall in urinary calcium with no change in plasma calcium, indicating increased tubular reabsorption. Plasma and urinary magnesium fell, without increase in tubular reabsorption. The urinary total hydroxyproline increased and Tm,P/ glomerular filtration rate fell after 2 days; these changes were transient and were consistent with a transient increase in parathyroid hormone secretion. 3. In the hypoparathyroid patients, urinary calcium fell more slowly and a fall in plasma calcium occurred in several subjects, the extent and duration of which corresponded with parathyroid status determined by EDTA infusion. Urinary conservation of calcium was impaired but plasma and urinary magnesium fell as in normal subjects. Urinary total hydroxyproline did not change and Tm,P/glomerular filtration rate fell more slowly than in the normal subjects. 4. The relative contributions of increased tubular reabsorption and reduced filtered load to calcium conservation in response to calcium depletion depend on the prevailing level of parathyroid function; the former is more important when parathyroid function is normal, the latter when parathyroid function is impaired. 5. In the detection of reduced parathyroid reserve, the assessment based on the plasma calcium response to cellulose phosphate agrees closely with the assessment based on the degree of recovery from EDTA-induced hypocalcaemia.

Effect of chlorothiazide on renal calcium and magnesium handling in the hamster

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1160-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman L. M. Wong ◽  
Gary A. Quamme ◽  
John H. Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Clearance Studies ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Distal Delivery

Recollection micropuncture and clearance studies were performed on 21 thyroparathyroidcetomized hamsters to characterize the effect of chlorothiazide on tubular sodium, calcium, and magnesium transport. Acute administration of chlorothiazide resulted in a marked natriuresis while urinary calcium excretion fell and magnesium remained unchanged. The fraction of sodium, calcium, and magnesium remaining at the late proximal tubule increased modestly from 65 ± 4 to 75 ± 3, 68 ± 3 to 75 ± 4, and 78 ± 4 to 85 ± 2%, respectively. Distal tubular fluid to ultrafilterable plasma (TF/UF) sodium concentration rose from 0.24 ± 0.03 to 0.44 ± 0.04 whereas distal TF/UFCa concentration fell from 0.58 ± 0.05 to 0.38 ± 0.06. The fraction of sodium remaining at the distal tubule rose from 4.0 ± 1.4 to 10.0 ± 1.4% while that of calcium decreased from 10.2 ± 1.1 to 7.6 ± 1.2% following administration of chlorothiazide. No change was observed in distal delivery of magnesium. Thus chlorothiazide acted in the distal tubule to decrease sodium reabsorption, enhance calcium transport, and had little effect on distal magnesium reabsorption. These data are consistent with the distal tubular action of chlorothiazide which is independent of parathyroid hormone.

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