Cell Motility and Cytoplasmic Filaments in Vascular Endothelium

2015 ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Drenckhahn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Motility ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Cytoplasmic Filaments

Complex Vesicles, Microtubules, and Cytoplasmic Filaments in the Endothelial Cells of Normal Dog Aorta

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
C. N. Sun ◽  
J. J. Ghidoni
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Aldehyde Fixation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Filaments

Endothelial cells in longitudinal and cross sections of aortas from 3 randomly selected “normal” mongrel dogs were studied by electron microscopy. Segments of aorta were distended with cold cacodylate buffered 5% glutaraldehyde for 10 minutes prior to being cut into small, well oriented tissue blocks. After an additional 1-1/2 hour period in glutaraldehyde, the tissue blocks were well rinsed in buffer and post-fixed in OsO4. After dehydration they were embedded in a mixture of Maraglas, D.E.R. 732, and DDSA.Aldehyde fixation preserves the filamentous and tubular structures (300 Å and less) for adequate demonstration and study. The functional significance of filaments and microtubules has been recently discussed by Buckley and Porter; the precise roles of these cytoplasmic components remains problematic. Endothelial cells in canine aortas contained an abundance of both types of structures.

Structure, assembly and interactions of the nuclear lamina and the nuclear pore complex

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 490-491
Author(s):  
N. Panté ◽  
M. Jarnik ◽  
E. Heitlinger ◽  
U. Aebi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Pore Complex ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Nuclear Lamina ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Transport ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Cytoplasmic Filaments ◽  
Radial Spokes ◽  
Nuclear Ring ◽  
Central Plug

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a ∼120 MD supramolecular machine implicated in nucleocytoplasmic transport, that is embedded in the double-membraned nuclear envelope (NE). The basic framework of the ∼120 nm diameter NPC consists of a 32 MD cytoplasmic ring, a 66 MD ‘plug-spoke’ assembly, and a 21 MD nuclear ring. The ‘central plug’ seen in en face views of the NPC reveals a rather variable appearance indicating that it is a dynamic structure. Projecting from the cytoplasmic ring are 8 short, twisted filaments (Fig. 1a), whereas the nuclear ring is topped with a ‘fishtrap’ made of 8 thin filaments that join distally to form a fragile, 30-50 nm distal diameter ring centered above the NPC proper (Fig. 1b). While the cytoplasmic filaments are sensitive to proteases, they as well as the nuclear fishtraps are resistant to RNase treatment. Removal of divalent cations destabilizes the distal rings and thereby opens the fishtraps, addition causes them to reform. Protruding from the tips of the radial spokes into perinuclear space are ‘knobs’ that might represent the large lumenal domain of gp210, a membrane-spanning glycoprotein (Fig. 1c) which, in turn, may play a topogenic role in membrane folding and/or act as a membrane-anchoring site for the NPC. The lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) which is known to recognize the ‘nucleoporins’, a family of glycoproteins having O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine, is found in two locations on the NPC (Fig. 1. d-f): (i) whereas the cytoplasmic filaments appear unlabelled (Fig. 1d&e), WGA-gold labels sites between the central plug and the cytoplasmic ring (Fig. le; i.e., at a radius of 25-35 nm), and (ii) it decorates the distal ring of the nuclear fishtraps (Fig. 1, d&f; arrowheads).

Polyphenolic compounds from Clusiaceae plants modulating angiogenesis and vascular endothelium

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lavaud ◽  
R Soletti ◽  
P Richomme ◽  
R Andriantsitohaina ◽  
D Guilet
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds

Ultrastructural Changes of the Tissue Thromboplastin after Intravenous Injection in Rabbits

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hasegawa ◽  
Hiroshi Nagata ◽  
Makoto Murao
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Model Experiment ◽  
Venous Return ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Tissue Thromboplastin ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Sheet Membrane

SummaryAttempts were made to demonstrate ultrastructural changes of the tissue thromboplastin after intravenous injection, as a model experiment on the pulmonary microthrombi formation induced by the tissue thromboplastin circulating from venous return.Concentrically arranged membrane structures of the injected thromboplastin disappeared in extremely short time after the injection of the thromboplastin in rabbits. The long sheet membrane of the injected thromboplastin was frequently seen as adhered to the vascular endothelium or to the surface of blood corpuscles. Furthermore, fibrin fibres were formed in contact with the long sheet membrane of the thromboplastin. Membrane structures were not found anywhere in the control rabbits.

Elevated Fibronectin Plasma Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Are Expression of Increased Synthesis and Release by Vascular Endothelium

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (01) ◽  
pp. 150-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Musso ◽  
A Longo ◽  
R R Cacciola ◽  
A Lombardo ◽  
R Giustolisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Plasma Levels

The Use of Desmopressin Acetate (DDAVP) as a Test of the Fibrinolytic Capacity of Patients – Analysis of Responders and Non-Responders

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (02) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J P Brommer ◽  
M M Barrett-Bergshoeff ◽  
R A Allen ◽  
I Schicht ◽  
R M Bertina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Facial Flushing ◽  
Spontaneous Thrombosis ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Fibrinolytic Capacity

SummaryIntravenous infusion of desmopressin (DDAVP, 0.4 μg/kg b.w. in 12’) causes an increase in the level of extrinsic plasminogen activator, measured in plasma euglobulin fractions with added C1-inactivator on fibrin plates. A poor response or no response at all was elicited in two out of 21 patients with spontaneous thrombosis, 18/38 with hyperlipoproteinaemia and 10/14 with terminal renal insufficiency requiring haemodialysis.Haemodilution during the first 30’ after starting the DDAVP-infusion occurred both in responders and in non-responders; so did haemodynamic reactions: increase in heart rate, drop in diastolic blood pressure, facial flushing. The rise of fibrinolytic activity was shown not to be associated with decreased hepatic blood flow. Normal factor VIII-rises in “non-responders” indicate the responsiveness of the receptive organs, including the hypothalamus, to DDAVP.Despite a normal baseline level of fibrinolytic activity in the blood, as occurs for instance in terminal renal insufficiency, the vascular endothelium may be refractory to stimulation. In some patients, especially in type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia, a selective defect of the release of plasminogen activator is postulated. In subjects with low fibrinolytic activity at rest, as observed in spontaneous thromboembolism and in hypertriglyceridaemia, the failure to release plasminogen activator upon stimulation with DDAVP might be a consequence of an impairment of synthesis as well.

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