Prenatal Stress May Alter Sexual Differentiation in Male and Female Offspring

2015 ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Herrenkohl
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male And Female

Effects of perinatal diet and prenatal stress on the behavioural profile of aged male and female rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xabier Bengoetxea ◽  
Laura Paternain ◽  
Eva Martisova ◽  
Fermin I Milagro ◽  
J Alfredo Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Immobility Time

The present work studies whether chronic prenatal stress (PS) influences the long-term sex-dependent neuropsychological status of offspring and the effects of an early dietary intervention in the dam. In addition, dams were fed with either a high-fat sugar diet (HFSD) or methyl donor supplemented diet (MDSD). PS procedure did not affect body weight of the offspring. MDSD induced decreases in body weight both in male and female offspring (1 month) that were still present in aged rats. HFSD induced an increase in body weight both in male and female offspring that did not persist in aged rats. In the Porsolt forced swimming test, only young males showed increases in immobility time that were reversed by MDSD. In old female rats (20 months), PS-induced cognitive impairment in both the novel object recognition test (NORT) and in the Morris water maze that was reversed by MDSD, whereas in old males, cognitive impairments and reversion by MDSD was evident only in the Morris water maze. HFSD induced cognitive impairment in both control and PS old rats, but there was no additive effect of PS and HFSD. It is proposed here that the diversity of symptoms following PS could arise from programming effects in early brain development and that these effects could be modified by dietary intake of the dam.

STUDIES OF SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF SHEEP

1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Wilson ◽  
M. F. Tarttelin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Normal Appearance ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Control Female ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

ABSTRACT Forty ewes were given intramuscular injections of testosterone cypionate (200 mg) on each of the 20th, 27th and 40th days of gestation. This treatment ensured foetal exposure to testosterone from day 20 to day 65. Forty untreated ewes acted as controls. At birth, pre-natally androgenised male lambs were anatomically normal, but similarly treated female offspring displayed complete external genital masculinisation including the presence of a prepuce, penis and scrotum and the absence of an external vulval opening. No male gonads were present. Internally, the female lambs possessed ovaries, uteri, cervices and vagina of normal appearance. Two-weekly blood plasma samples were withdrawn from 10 androgenised and 6 control female offspring and 8 androgenised and 8 control male offspring from 4–30 weeks of age. Testosterone levels in males and LH levels in males and females were measured by radioimmunoassays. Analyses of variance showed that post-natal plasma LH levels in pre-natally androgenised lambs (male and female) were significantly depressed (P < 0.001), and that plasma testosterone concentrations in pre-natally androgenised males were subsequently depressed (P < 0.001). These results suggested that pre-natal androgenisation impaired hypothalamic hypophysiotrophic and/or pituitary function during the first 30 weeks of post-natal life which resulted either directly, or indirectly via reduced LH output, in a suppression of testosterone production by the testes.

Placental treatment improves cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion insult in adult male and female offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 105461
Author(s):  
Nataliia Hula ◽  
Floor Spaans ◽  
Jennie Vu ◽  
Anita Quon ◽  
Raven Kirschenman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Prenatal Hypoxia ◽  
Male And Female

PRE-MATERNAL ISOLATION EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOUR AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF OFFSPRING

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sackler ◽  
A. S. Weltman ◽  
R. Schwartz ◽  
P. Steinglass
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Isolation Stress ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT This report was designed to determine combined effects of maternal endocrine imbalances and abnormal behaviour due to prolonged isolation stress of female mice on the behaviour, developmental growth rate and endocrine function of their offspring. Sixty female albino mice averaging 19 g were divided equally into isolated and control groups. The isolated females were housed singly; control females were maintained in groups of 2 mice per cage. After observation of behavioural and physiological effects characteristic of isolation stress in the test mice, all isolated and control mice were mated after a 6½ month experimental, isolation period. No differences were observed in fertility and fecundity of the two groups of mothers. Analyses of developmental growth rates of the litters of the isolated versus control mothers showed significantly lower body weights in the test offspring at 3 and 4 weeks of age. The body weights of the female offspring remained significantly lower from the 4th to 11th weeks. The effects on the body weights of the male offspring declined and were no longer statistically significant at the 5th to 11 weeks. Locomotor activity at 4½ and 8 weeks of age was markedly or significantly higher in the male and female mice from isolated mothers. Tail-blood samples taken prior to autopsy at 5 and 11 weeks of age revealed significant decreases in the total leukocyte and eosinophil counts of both sexes. At the two ages, the absolute and relative spleen and thymus weights of the male and female offspring were markedly and/or significantly lower than the values observed in counterpart young from control females. Significant decreases were also observed in the absolute gonadal organ weights of both sexes at 11 weeks of age. The various data indicated inhibited growth rates, heightened locomotor activity and evasiveness, as well as evidence of increased adrenocortical function in the offspring from test mothers. The gonadal weight decreases suggested retarded gonadal development. Further studies using split-litter techniques are required to differentiate the effects of prenatal endocrine imbalances versus postnatal maternal influence (i. e., nursing care) on the offspring.

Effects of Maternal Hyperglycemia Associated with Snack Intake on Male and Female Offspring High-Fat Diet Preference on Infancy

Metabolism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 154635
Author(s):  
Gustavo Venâncio da Silva ◽  
Marina Galleazzo Martins ◽  
Giovana Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Alessandra Gonçalves Cruz ◽  
Larissa Pereira Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Maternal Hyperglycemia ◽  
Diet Preference

Modulation by antenatal therapies of cardiovascular and renal programming in male and female offspring of preeclamptic rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser H. Habib ◽  
Mennatallah A. Gowayed ◽  
Sherien A. Abdelhady ◽  
Nevine M. El-Deeb ◽  
Inas E. Darwish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male And Female
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