Measurement of Blood Flow in the Vertebrobasilar System

2015 ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Y. L. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System

scholarly journals Transradial approach to embolization of a basilar aneurysm: a clinical case and literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
D. V. Kandyba ◽  
K. N. Babichev ◽  
A. V. Zenin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Arterial Access ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System ◽  
Transradial Access ◽  
Aneurysm Embolization ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Large Aneurysm

The study objective is to present a clinical case of using transradial access for embolization of an aneurysm of the basilar artery (BA) bifurcation. Materials and methods. A patient, 67 years old, sought medical help at the I.I. Dzhanelidze Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Medicine complaining of headaches. Computed angiography of the brain had shown a large aneurysm of the BA with an absolutely wide neck. Embolization of the aneurysm using stent assistance (Y-stenting) was performed with access through the radial artery. The results were compared to data from scientific literature (about 16 cases).Results. Aneurysm embolization level was II or IIIb per the modified Raymond–Roy classification was performed. No complications were observed, blood flow in the radial artery was preserved. The patient was released on day 2 after the surgery. No signs of blood flow through the aneurysm were observed during control selective cerebral angiography 12 months later. According to literature data, transradial access is preferable only with pathology of the vertebrobasilar system, especially if standard access is impossible to form due to atherosclerotic damage of the femoral artery, angling of the aortic arch, and pathological vessel tortuosity.Conclusion. Routine use of transradial access in surgery of pathologies of the cerebral flow is not justifiable. But in some cases, this alternative access can be more effective and safer compared to the standard access. The main advantages of this access are reduced rate of complications of arterial access and possibility of early patient activization.

Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Associated with Slow Blood Flow of the Vertebrobasilar System

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 873-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Yamasoba ◽  
Shigeru Kikuchi ◽  
Toshihiro O'uchi ◽  
Ryuzaburo Higo ◽  
Aya Tokumaru
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Sudden Deafness ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System ◽  
Slow Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Central Lesions

To determine the characteristics of sudden deafness associated with slow blood flow (SBF) within the vertebrobasilar arteries, we evaluated 57 patients with sudden deafness using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We detected SBF in 12 (21%) patients, predominantly men over 50 years of age. A second MRI performed in 5 patients 2 months after the onset of symptoms showed recovery of blood flow. All 12 patients complained of vertigo. Audiological and neurotologic tests suggested that hearing loss mainly involved the inner ear. Our findings suggest that unless central lesions are detected, headache, hypoesthesia of the external ear canal, and electronystagmographic abnormalities are signs of SBF. Because sudden deafness may recur in patients who have SBF, they should be monitored and treated to prevent recurrence.

Slow Blood Flow of the Vertebrobasilar System in Patients with Dizziness and Vertigo

1993 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Kikuchi ◽  
Kimitaka Kaga ◽  
Tatsuya Yamasoba ◽  
Ryuzaburo Higo ◽  
Toshihiro O'uchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System ◽  
Slow Blood Flow

scholarly journals Wingspan stenting of symptomatic extracranial vertebral artery stenosis and perioperative evaluation using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography: report of two cases

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. E14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Brisman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Mr Angiography ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System ◽  
Quantitative Mr ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Ischemia

✓The best management strategy for symptomatic vertebrobasilar ischemia is currently not well-defined. Noninvasive Optimal Vessel Analysis (NOVA, VasSol, Inc.) is computer software that, using quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) angiography technology, represents the only commercially available means of noninvasively measuring blood flow within the human vasculature. The author used quantitative MR angiography to study cerebral blood flow in 2 patients who underwent angioplasty and stenting for medically refractory extracranial cervical vertebral artery (VA) stenosis using the recently Food and Drug Administration–approved WingSpan stent (Boston Scientific, Target). WingSpan stents were successfully placed after balloon angioplasty in both patients without complications. At the 5-month clinical follow-up examination, 1 patient was symptom free and the other had had a possible transient ischemic attack without sequelae. The WingSpan stent may represent an alternative management scheme for symptomatic vertebrobasilar ischemia from extracranial VA stenosis. Quantitative MR angiography can readily measure blood flow in the vertebrobasilar system, and these values correlated with the angiographic outcomes in the 2 patients treated in the present study.

scholarly journals Analysis of muscle tone and strength and cerebral blood flow in kickboxers

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
A.V. Shevtsov ◽  
S.L. Sashenkov ◽  
D.Z. Shibkova ◽  
P.A. Baiguzhin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Cerebral Hemodynamics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Imbalance ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System

Purpose: the article deals with providing a characteristic of muscle and tone status as well as precerebral and cerebral hemodynamics in kickboxers. Materials: 102 athletes with the qualification from the Second-class Athlete to the Master of Sport voluntary participated in the study. The average age of athletes at the moment of the study was 20.90±0.50. The average sports experience of participants was equal to 4.15±2.77. The control group consisted of apparently healthy young males of the same age but not involved in sports activities (n=35). The indicators of muscle tone and strength and cerebral blood flow were studied with the help of Doppler ultrasound of the main arteries of the head, electroneuromyography, and transcranial Doppler. Results: the article provides the results of the study on the effect of muscle and tone disturbances in the spinal motion segment on the functional status of precerebral and cerebral blood flow. The disturbances in nerve conduction velocity in the symmetrical groups of trunk muscles are considered as the reason for muscle imbalance in 50% of athletes. The analysis of blood flow indicators in kickboxers with muscle imbalance revealed a typical increase in the tone of precerebral vessels and changes in the gradients of blood flow velocity in various segments of the carotid and vertebral arteries. The decrease of cerebral blood flow in athletes, in particular, the venous outflow of a dystonic nature, is the result of spasmodic and ischemic Doppler patterns against a decreased indicator of arteriovenous balance. Mild traumatic brain injuries should also be taken into account when speaking about the development of cerebrovascular dysfunction as a result of kickboxers’ sparring activities and competitions. Conclusions: Differentiated disturbances in sensory and motor conductivity result in the disturbance of afferentation and muscle imbalance intensity. Angiospasm and vascular ischemia determine the increase in the linear blood flow velocity in the carotid system and the decrease in the vessels of the vertebrobasilar system against the increase in resistivity indicators in the carotid basins and vertebrobasilar system in kickboxers. Correlation analysis revealed visceral motor correlations, which proved the influence of the functional status of the regional muscle system on cerebral hemodynamics. The analysis of tone and strength muscle characteristics and cerebral blood flow in kickboxers indicates the necessity of correcting muscle and tone asymmetry of the paravertebral area.

scholarly journals Regulation of Blood Flow in the Cerebral Posterior Circulation by Parasympathetic Nerve Fibers: Physiological Background and Possible Clinical Implications in Patients With Vertebrobasilar Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Tamayo ◽  
Timo Siepmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Posterior Circulation ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Ischemic Time ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System

Posterior circulation involves the vertebrobasilar arteries, which supply oxygen and glucose to vital human brainstem structures and other areas. This complex circulatory- perfusion system is not homogenous throughout the day; rather, its hemodynamic changes rely on physiological demands, ensuring brainstem perfusion. This dynamic autoregulatory pattern maintains cerebral perfusion during blood pressure changes. Accumulative evidence suggests that activity within the autonomic nervous system is involved in the regulation of cerebral blood flow. Neither the sympathetic nor parasympathetic nervous systems work independently. Functional studies have shown a tight and complicated cross talk between these systems. In pathological processes where sympathetic stimulation is present, systemic vasoconstriction is followed, representing the most important CNS parasympathetic trigger that will promote local vasodilation. Stroke is a clear example of this process. The posterior circulation is affected in 30% of strokes, causing high morbidity and mortality outcomes. Currently, the management of ischemic stroke is focused on thrombolytic treatment and endovascular thrombectomy within an overall tight 4.5 to 6 h ischemic time window. Therefore, the autonomic nervous system could represent a potential therapeutic target to modulate reperfusion after cerebral ischemia through vasodilation, which could potentially decrease infarct size and increase the thrombolytic therapeutic ischemic window. In addition, shifting the autonomic nervous system balance toward its parasympathetic branch has shown to enhance neurogenesis and decrease local inflammation. Regretfully, the vast majority of animal models and human research on neuromodulation during brain ischemia have been focused on anterior circulation with disappointing results. In addition, the source of parasympathetic inputs in the vertebrobasilar system in humans is poorly understood, substantiating a gap and controversy in this area. Here, we reviewed current available literature regarding the parasympathetic vascular function and challenges of its stimulation in the vertebrobasilar system.

Experimental vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries by prostaglandins

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lucas Yamamoto ◽  
William Feindel ◽  
Leonhard S. Wolfe ◽  
Hiroko Katoh ◽  
Charles P. Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Collateral Flow ◽  
Silicon Detectors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System ◽  
Fluorescein Dye ◽  
Cerebral Circulation Time

✓ Effects of intracarotid infusion of prostaglandins (PG) E1 and F2a on the circulation to the dog brain were examined by fluorescein angiography, by measuring diameter changes in the epicerebral vessels, and by measuring microregional cerebral blood flow with 133xenon and lithium-drift silicon detectors. PGE1 at doses of 0.5 µg/min constricted the epicerebral arteries 700 µ or less in diameter, arrested fluorescein dye injected into the carotid system, and reduced rCBF by 42% with increase of collateral flow to the brain by the vertebrobasilar system. This effect was not obtained by PGE1 to which 0.08% ethanol had been added. PGF2a at doses of 25 µg/min constricted epicerebral arterial vessels less than 200 µ in diameter, reduced rCBF by 35%, and decreased fluorescein dye in the cortical microcirculation with lengthening of the cerebral circulation time. Selective clipping of external and internal carotid arteries indicated that PGE1 acts by constricting these vessels as well as the epicerebral arteries. Since prostaglandins are released from platelets as well as from stimulation of the cerebral cortex they should be considered as factors involved in the regulation of cerebral blood flow and in the mechanism of cerebral vasospasm. These properties of PGE1 and PGF2a also imply the need for caution when these substances are used for clinical investigation.

scholarly journals State of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with Chiari I malformation

2001 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (3-4) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
N. E. Krupina ◽  
L. I. Pyshkina ◽  
A. A. Kabanov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Cerebral Hemodynamics ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System ◽  
Blood Flow Increase ◽  
Chiari I ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries ◽  
Frequent Presence

The special features of the cerebral hemodynamics were studied in 138 patients with Chiari I malformation (CM) with a help of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and transcranial dopplerography (TCD). MRA data analysis (58) revealed the frequent presence of vertebrobasilar system (VBS) maldevelopment and embryonic type of the circle of Willis. TCD data analysis (100) discovered vertebrobasilar insufficiency and bilateral blood flow increase in the intracranial part of the internal carotid arteries giving evidence of the compensated blood flow from the carotid system to the VBS. 21,0% of patients with CM and communicating hydrocephalia had TCD signs of intracranial hypertension. The most significant changes in cerebral hemodynamics were found in patients with marked pathology and elder than 30 years old.

A new model of transient hindbrain ischemia in gerbils

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1054-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Yamada ◽  
Toru Hayakawa ◽  
Toshiki Yoshimine ◽  
Yukitsks Ushio
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Local Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transcervical Approach ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Junction ◽  
Histopathological Effects ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A model of transient hindbrain ischemia in Mongolian gerbils is described. The vertebrobasilar junction of gerbils was exposed by a transcervical approach through the space between the atlas and occipital bone. The origin of the basilar artery was occluded by a clip, and the local cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured with carbon-14-iodoantipyrine autoradiography. This gerbil model produces ischemia in the thalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla, and cerebellum, where blood flow is supplied from the vertebrobasilar system. Recirculation of blood flow was easily accomplished by removing the clip. Local CBF returned to normal levels immediately after recirculation, then decreased at 30 minutes after recirculation (postischemic hypoperfusion). Almost no effects of local CBF in the forebrain structures were noted during and after hindbrain ischemia. The model may be useful to study the pathophysiological, metabolic, and histopathological effects of ischemia in the vertebrobasilar system.

scholarly journals The potential of duplex scanning in the diagnosis of pathological tortuosity of the vertebral artery

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
H. A. Yunusov ◽  
D. D. Sultanov ◽  
A. D. Gaibov ◽  
B. U. Abduvakhido ◽  
O. Nematzoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Duplex Scanning ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Vertebral Arteries ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After

Aim. To assess the capabilities of duplex scanning and study the features of hemodynamics in the vertebral arteries before and after surgical treatment.Material and methods. The results of anatomical and circulatory characteristics of an extracranial segment of the vertebral arteries in 52 patients with various forms of pathological tortuosity were analyzed. Kinking was present in 38 patients, coiling in 8 patients, and Powers anomaly in 6 patients. There were 18 men and 34 women. The mean age of the patients was 45.6±8.7 years.Results and discussion. In all types of PT of VA with ostium stenosis, the diameter of the artery was decreased, and based on tortuosity it contributed both to the reduction and deterioration of arterial blood flow to the vertebrobasilar basin. The decrease or increase in the linear velocity of blood flow, as well as other blood flow parameters, depended on both the type of pathological tortuosity of the PA and on the vessel diameter and the value of angulation. Hypoplasia of the opposite vertebral artery also occurred in 28 patients, which resulted in impaired blood supply to the brain.Vascular examination after reconstructive surgeries resulted in normalization of the parameters of arterial circulation and cerebral perfusion. Primary vascular patency was 96.2%, restenosis was not revealed in any observation.Conclusion. Duplex scanning is a highly informative technique for both diagnosing pathological deformities of the vertebral arteries and assessing the restoration of the hemodynamics of the vertebrobasilar system after reconstructive surgery. This method provides the most accurate information on the anatomical form and localization of pathological deformities of the vertebral artery. It also allows quantitative assessment of cerebral blood flow.

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