The Ethanol Gelation Test and Thrombosis

2015 ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
H. C. Godal ◽  
F. Brosstad ◽  
P. Kierulf
Keyword(s):  
Gelation Test

Fibrin Derivatives, Plasma Hemoglobin and Glomerular Fibrin Deposition in Experimental Intravascular Coagulation

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K Beller ◽  
W Theiss
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Consumption Coagulopathy ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Plasma Hemoglobin ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Gelation Test

SummaryPlasma fibrinogen, circulating fibrinmonomers (as indicated by a positive ethanol gelation test), fibrinolysis breakdown products and plasma hemoglobin were assayed in 122 rats subjected to endotoxin injection or infusion. The results were correlated with the quantitative measurement of glomerular fibrin deposition. Based on these data four groups were determined : consumption coagulopathy and three stages of increasing severity of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIG).Consumption coagulopathy was defined by a decrease in plasma fibrinogen and a positive ethanol gelation test in the absence of glomerular fibrin deposition. Plasma hemoglobin and fibrinolysis breakdown products were normal or only slightly increased.DIG as characterized by glomerular fibrin deposition was defined as moderate (1 to 20% glomeruli showing fibrin strands), intermediate (21 to 80%), and severe (81 to 100%). Decrease in plasma fibrinogen and frequence of a positive ethanol gelation test in all stages of DIG were only slightly different from the findings in consumption coagulopathy. However, a sharp increase in plasma hemoglobin levels was noted when glomerular fibrin deposition did occur even in small amounts. At this time only a moderate increase was noted in fibrin(ogen) breakdown products. These two parameters increased only slightly in the group of intermediate DIG. Severe DIG was characterized by a massive increase in fibrin (ogen) breakdown products and high levels of plasma hemoglobin.

On the Early Detection of Intravascular Coagulation

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Fedder ◽  
Elisabeth M. Prakke ◽  
J Vreeken
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Gelation Test

SummarySince the conception of intravascular coagulation has been introduced in clinical medicine, the interest of clinicians in the early detection of this syndrome is continuously increasing. Therefore small amounts of thrombin and thromboplastin were infused into rabbits and special parameters, such as presence of an activated form of factor V and occurrence of a positive fibrin monomer test, were checked. As it turned out, activation of factor V (proaccelerin, accelerator globulin or AcG) was an earlier sign of intravascular coagulation than the appearance of a positive gelation test, which may occur without changes in fibrinogen or the number of blood platelets. These experiments could be of value for the early detection of intravascular coagulation in man.

scholarly journals The ethanol gelation test: Priority and propriety

1977 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Jan W. Ten Cate ◽  
Anton E. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Gelation Test

The ethanol gelation test: Pathos and poesy

1978 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 912
Author(s):  
Lucius F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Gelation Test

Causes of a Negative Ethanol Gelation Test in Diffuse Intravascular Coagulation

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. J Gerrits ◽  
Elisabeth M Prakke ◽  
J van der Meer ◽  
J Vreeken
Keyword(s):  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Aminocaproic Acid ◽  
Plasmin Activity ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Diffuse Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Gelation Test

SummaryThe clinical value of the ethanol gelation test (EGT) in diagnosing diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been questioned because of the occasional finding of a negative test, while other laboratory data pointed to DIC. Therefore, the behaviour of the EGT during thrombin infusions in rabbits was studied, with special reference to the fibrinogen level and activation of fibrinolysis. Fibrinolytic activity was inhibited or induced by synchronous infusion of epsilon-aminocaproic acid or plasmin respectively. The results obtained show that apart from severe depletion of fibrinogen strong activation of fibrinolysis can cause a negative EGT during thrombin infusions in rabbits. This phenomenon could not be ascribed to high levels of fibrin degradation products (fdp); it might be due to plasmin digestion of fibrin monomers. In vitro studies with human plasma confirmed that the EGT becomes negative at a fibrinogen level of less than 20 mg per 100 ml or by plasmin activity in the presence of a normal fibrinogen level.Whereas a positive EGT is highly specific for DIC, these studies show that a negative EGT does not exclude the presence of DIC.

Comparison between a Modified Ethanol Gelation Test and Protamine Sulfate Test. Experimental Studies

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Zielinsky ◽  
Raul Altman ◽  
Jorge Rouvier
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Protamine Sulfate ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Fibrin Monomers ◽  
Gelation Test

SummaryA comparative experimental study has been made to correlate the protamine sulfate test and a modified ethanol gelation test, based on clinical observations of the solubility of a gel formed at 20° C (Godal and Abildgaard procedure) when it was transferred to a bath at 37° C. Two different results were obtained: the gel remained insoluble at 37° C or it became completely soluble, with intermediate degrees of partial solubility.Our studies indicate that this is due to the amount of fibrin monomers formed and the level of fibrinogen: the first are responsible for the insolubility of the gel and the second for its solubility. This furnishes us with useful information for diagnostic purposes.We found the protamine sulfate test more sensitive than the ethanol gelation test, and its sensitivity increased when fibrinogen level decreased.An insoluble gelation test is a sure indication of the presence of fibrin monomers, but a soluble gel calls for the protamine sulfate test to confirm this or the existence of high fibrinogen level.

Scoring System for Diagnosis of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Sutor
Keyword(s):  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Vascular Damage ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Consumption Coagulopathy ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Hyaline Membrane ◽  
Gelation Test

A scoring system for diagnosis of DIC is proposed which encludes anam estic, clinical and laboratory criteria. From anamnestic criteria triwerinp event which lead to microeirculatory disturbances, like peripheral stasis (hysovolaemia, cardia; insufficiency) thrombin-inducers (septicaemia, haemolysis) and vascular damage (haemolytic-uraemic-syndrome, g ant haemangioma) score1 point as well as a positive etnanol gelation test. Clinical parameters include all organs which show sirns of a throrr. ho-haemormafic syndrom. They represent shock-orpans and can be diagnosed clinically by simultaneous appearance of bleeding symptoms and microthromrosis, like oliguria and haematuria (shock-orean kidney) or purpura and “Intravital death sports” (shock-orfran skin) or haemoptoe and hyaline membrane (shock-organ lunps). Laboratory parameters of DIC include the annearanee of helmet cells, of leuko- or neutropenia, of thrombocytopenia and of the demonstration of consumption coagulopathy (low F I, II, V, XIII) and of fibrinolysis (increased FDP, low plasminogen, low Antithrombin III). From our experience a score of 7 points or more is compatible with DIC.

DETECTION OF SOLUBLE FIBRIN MONOMER COMPLEXES - COMPARISON OF A HAEMAGGLUTINATION ASSAY WITH THE ETHANOL GELATION TEST

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Oehler ◽  
H Klaus ◽  
E Spanuth ◽  
K E Stötzer
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Fibrin Monomers ◽  
Gelation Test

Hypercoagulability and disseminated intravascularcoagulation (DIC) are characterized by the presenceof circulating fibrin monomer complexes in plasma.In342 patients with possible DIC fibrin monomers, fibrinogen, reptilase time, antithrombin III and othercoagulation parameters were determined at frequent intervals.Testing of soluble fibrin monomer complexeswas performed using a sensitive and reliable haemagglut- ination assay, with red cells sensitized by fibrin monomers (FM-Test) and the ethanol gelation test(EGT). Method comparison regarding the influence offibrinogen levels and fibrin degradation products shows that high fibrinogen levels lead to false positive results with EGT. The same effect is observed forfibrin degradation products and EGT whereas no influence of fibrinogen level and fibrin degradation products on the FM-Test occurs.It could be shown that with normal fibrinogen concentrations (200-400 mg/dl) the positive test results by FMT and EGT are comparable, whereas with fibrinogen concentrations below 200 mg/dl the number of positive results obtained with the EGT amounted to half the number given by FMT. In the case of fibrinogen concentrations above 400 mg/dl, positive results obtained with EGT were 3.3 times higher than FMT. Nearlyidentical results were obtained by comparing the influence of degradation products. In case of high degradation product concentrations, EGT gives 4.5 timesmore positive results than FMT.Further we compared the number of positive test results obtained by the FMT with the level of AT III because it is wellknown that the AT IIIHevel decreases caused by proteolytic activity generated in DIC.In this study it could be shown that fibrin monomer increases in parallel with the decrease of AT III. Thiseffect does not occur with fibrin degradation products.

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