Neurochemical Brain Changes Associated with Behavioural Disturbances after Early Treatment with Psychotropic Drugs1

New RA Criteria Support Focus on Early Treatment

Internal Medicine News ◽

10.1016/s1097-8690(09)70800-5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 42 (20) ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

MITCHEL L. ZOLER

Keyword(s):

Early Treatment

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Neuroimaging Detects Early Brain Changes in HIV

Clinical Neurology News ◽

10.1016/s1553-3212(07)70110-3 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

BETSY BATES

Keyword(s):

Brain Changes

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Functional and structural neural plasticity effects of literacy acquisition in adulthood

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie ◽

10.1024/1016-264x/a000254 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 97-107

Author(s):

Melanie Boltzmann ◽

Thomas Münte ◽

Bahram Mohammadi ◽

Jascha Rüsseler

Keyword(s):

Neural Plasticity ◽

Adult Literacy ◽

Writing Skills ◽

Literacy Skills ◽

Written Language ◽

Learning To Read ◽

Workplace Literacy ◽

Functional Illiteracy ◽

Brain Changes ◽

Definition Of

Abstract. In Germany, 7.5 Million individuals between 18 and 64 years are considered to be functionally illiterate (Grotlüschen & Riekmann, 2012). Functional illiterates have only rudimentary literacy skills despite attending school for several years. Although they can use written language to a very limited extent, only few functional illiterates attend literacy courses for adults. In addition, most adult literacy courses primarily aim at promoting basic reading and writing skills. Offers specific to workplace literacy are scarce. This review gives an overview of the definition of functional illiteracy. Afterwards, a specific literacy program (AlphaPlus) and its effectiveness will be presented. The reviewed studies indicate that learning to read in adulthood is associated with structural and functional brain changes.

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Morphological Changes in the Brain of Acutely Ill and Weight-Recovered Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917/a000265 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 7-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Jochen Seitz ◽

Katharina Bühren ◽

Georg G. von Polier ◽

Nicole Heussen ◽

Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Time Course ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Short Term ◽

Clinical Prognosis ◽

Qualitative Review ◽

Brain Changes ◽

The Brain

Objective: Acute anorexia nervosa (AN) leads to reduced gray (GM) and white matter (WM) volume in the brain, which however improves again upon restoration of weight. Yet little is known about the extent and clinical correlates of these brain changes, nor do we know much about the time-course and completeness of their recovery. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis and a qualitative review of all magnetic resonance imaging studies involving volume analyses of the brain in both acute and recovered AN. Results: We identified structural neuroimaging studies with a total of 214 acute AN patients and 177 weight-recovered AN patients. In acute AN, GM was reduced by 5.6% and WM by 3.8% compared to healthy controls (HC). Short-term weight recovery 2–5 months after admission resulted in restitution of about half of the GM aberrations and almost full WM recovery. After 2–8 years of remission GM and WM were nearly normalized, and differences to HC (GM: –1.0%, WM: –0.7%) were no longer significant, although small residual changes could not be ruled out. In the qualitative review some studies found GM volume loss to be associated with cognitive deficits and clinical prognosis. Conclusions: GM and WM were strongly reduced in acute AN. The completeness of brain volume rehabilitation remained equivocal.

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