Is Prenatal Induction of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Associated with Postnatal Behavioral Changes?1

Serum Tyrosine Level in Acute Murine Toxoplasmosis

Iranian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.18502/ijpa.v15i4.4866 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qasem ASGARI ◽

Mina MOUSAEI SISAKHT ◽

Shahrbanoo NADERI SHAHABADI ◽

Forough KARAMI ◽

Mostafa OMIDIAN

Keyword(s):

Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽

Behavioral Change ◽

Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Control Group ◽

Obligate Intracellular ◽

Obligate Intracellular Parasite ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. This global infectious disease has been associated with behavioral changes in rodents and can result in humans' neuropsychiatric symptoms. Since the neurotransmitters alteration can cause a behavioral change, in this study, tyrosine level, as a precursor of dopamine, was evaluated in acute murine toxoplasmosis during 2015 and 2016 in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: At the first, 105 tachyzoites of T. gondii were subcutaneously inoculated to 50 BALB/c mice as experimental groups and 10 mice inoculated by PBS considered as the control group. After that, daily, one group of mice was bled, and sera were collected. Then, their serum tyrosine level was evaluated by HPLC method. Results: After data analysis, the maximum mean serum tyrosine level was seen at 2th day of post parasite inoculation (0.0194 mg/ ml), with a significant difference compared to the control group (0.0117 mg/ ml, P=0.025). Moreover, the least quantity of serum tyrosine (0.076 mg/ml) was seen on the 5th day, after parasite inoculation, however, no significant difference was seen. Conclusion: Serum tyrosine level increased in 2 d after inoculation of Toxoplasma, but the level regularly decreased in successive days. Tyrosine level increased by phenylalanine hydroxylase 2 days after inoculation, then tyrosine decreased by tyrosine hydroxylase in the next days. Toxoplasma tyrosine hydroxylase enzymes, at primary days of toxoplasmosis, effect on tyrosine production, and after that, the most effect on tyrosine consumption.

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Supervision: A Case Study

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.0804.256 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 256-263

Author(s):

Roberta Chapey ◽

Geraldine Chapey

Keyword(s):

Organizational Communication ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Personal Problems ◽

Clinically Significant

Occasionally, it is the responsibility of a supervisor to help a staff speech clinician resolve professional and or personal problems that interfere with the delivery of quality services. To deal with this situation, the supervisor must be equipped with the techniques and procedures for effective organizational communication. This article presents a case study in which a speech clinician demonstrated irresponsibility in various job areas. The supervisor’s philosophy and the procedures used in managing these problems are presented. The behavioral changes suggest that the supervisor’s interventive procedures were clinically significant and warrant further investigation.

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Colocalization of tyrosine hydroxylase and GAD65 mRNA in mesostriatal neurons

European Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.1046/j.1460-9568.2001.01371.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 57-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Tomas Gonzalez-Hernandez ◽

Pedro Barroso-Chinea ◽

Abraham Acevedo ◽

Eduardo Salido ◽

Manuel Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Tyrosine Hydroxylase

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The Biological Clock and Sleep in the Elderly

Zeitschrift für Gerontopsychologie & -psychiatrie ◽

10.1024/1011-6877.19.1.45 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 45-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Myriam Juda ◽

Mirjam Münch ◽

Anna Wirz-Justice ◽

Martha Merrow ◽

Till Roenneberg

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Biological Clock ◽

The Elderly ◽

Early Morning ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Older Age ◽

Age Related ◽

Theoretical Considerations ◽

Sleep Difficulties ◽

Circadian Biology

Abstract: Among many other changes, older age is characterized by advanced sleep-wake cycles, changes in the amplitude of various circadian rhythms, as well as reduced entrainment to zeitgebers. These features reveal themselves through early morning awakenings, sleep difficulties at night, and a re-emergence of daytime napping. This review summarizes the observations concerning the biological clock and sleep in the elderly and discusses the documented and theoretical considerations behind these age-related behavioral changes, especially with respect to circadian biology.

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Age Differences in Eye Movements During Reading: Degenerative Problems or Compensatory Strategy?

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000344 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 297-311

Author(s):

José David Moreno ◽

José A. León ◽

Lorena A. M. Arnal ◽

Juan Botella

Keyword(s):

Eye Movements ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Aging Effects ◽

Movement Data ◽

Sentence Reading ◽

The Difference ◽

Eye Movements During Reading

Abstract. We report the results of a meta-analysis of 22 experiments comparing the eye movement data obtained from young ( Mage = 21 years) and old ( Mage = 73 years) readers. The data included six eye movement measures (mean gaze duration, mean fixation duration, total sentence reading time, mean number of fixations, mean number of regressions, and mean length of progressive saccade eye movements). Estimates were obtained of the typified mean difference, d, between the age groups in all six measures. The results showed positive combined effect size estimates in favor of the young adult group (between 0.54 and 3.66 in all measures), although the difference for the mean number of fixations was not significant. Young adults make in a systematic way, shorter gazes, fewer regressions, and shorter saccadic movements during reading than older adults, and they also read faster. The meta-analysis results confirm statistically the most common patterns observed in previous research; therefore, eye movements seem to be a useful tool to measure behavioral changes due to the aging process. Moreover, these results do not allow us to discard either of the two main hypotheses assessed for explaining the observed aging effects, namely neural degenerative problems and the adoption of compensatory strategies.

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