Cerebrospinal Fluid Compartment as Site for Neural Transplantation

2015 ◽  
pp. 36-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton W. Brightman ◽  
Jeffrey M. Rosenstein
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neural Transplantation ◽  
Fluid Compartment

Pressure Gradients Affecting the Labyrinth during Hypobaric Pressure

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrád S. Konrádsson ◽  
Björn I. R. Carlborg ◽  
Joseph C. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Fluid Compartment ◽  
Large Pressure ◽  
Fluid Compartments ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Considerable Pressure

Hypobaric effects on the perilymph pressure were investigated in 18 cats. The perilymph, tympanic cavity, cerebrospinal fluid, and systemic and ambient pressure changes were continuously recorded relative to the atmospheric pressure. The pressure equilibration of the eustachian tube and the cochlear aqueduct was studied, as well as the effects of blocking these channels. During ascent, the physiologic opening of the eustachian tube reduced the pressure gradients across the tympanic membrane. The patent cochlear aqueduct equilibrated perilymph pressure to cerebrospinal fluid compartment levels with a considerable pressure gradient across the oval and round windows. With the aqueduct blocked, the pressure decrease within the labyrinth and tympanic cavities was limited, resulting in large pressure gradients toward the chamber and the cerebrospinal fluid compartments, respectively. We conclude that closed cavities with limited pressure release capacities are the cause of the pressure gradients. The strain exerted by these pressure gradients is potentially harmful to the ear.

Neoplastic meningitis: metastases to the leptomeninges and cerebrospinal fluid

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc C. Chamberlain ◽  
Stephanie E. Combs ◽  
Soichiro Shibui
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Neoplastic Meningitis ◽  
Meningeal Carcinomatosis ◽  
Leptomeningeal Metastases ◽  
Carcinomatous Meningitis ◽  
Fluid Compartment ◽  
Increased Risk

Carcinomatous meningitis or meningeal carcinomatosis is a term that defines leptomeningeal metastases arising as a result of metastases from systemic solid cancers. Similarly, lymphomatous and leukaemic meningitis result from cerebrospinal fluid dissemination of lymphoma or leukaemia. All three entities are commonly referred to as neoplastic meningitis or leptomeningeal metastases due to involvement of both the cerebrospinal fluid compartment as well as the leptomeninges comprised of the pia and arachnoid. Treatment options are limited for these neurological complications and outcomes are generally poor. New therapeutic strategies are desperately needed as more cancer patients survive longer and are at increased risk for neoplastic meningitis.

scholarly journals Paravascular channels, cisterns, and the subarachnoid space in the rat brain: A single compartment with preferential pathways

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1374-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Bedussi ◽  
Nicole N van der Wel ◽  
Judith de Vos ◽  
Henk van Veen ◽  
Maria Siebes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Brain Vasculature ◽  
Fluid Compartment ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Preferential Pathways

Recent evidence suggests an extensive exchange of fluid and solutes between the subarachnoid space and the brain interstitium, involving preferential pathways along blood vessels. We studied the anatomical relations between brain vasculature, cerebrospinal fluid compartments, and paravascular spaces in male Wistar rats. A fluorescent tracer was infused into the cisterna magna, without affecting intracranial pressure. Tracer distribution was analyzed using a 3D imaging cryomicrotome, confocal microscopy, and correlative light and electron microscopy. We found a strong 3D colocalization of tracer with major arteries and veins in the subarachnoid space and large cisterns, attributed to relatively large subarachnoid space volumes around the vessels. Confocal imaging confirmed this colocalization and also revealed novel cisternal connections between the subarachnoid space and ventricles. Unlike the vessels in the subarachnoid space, penetrating arteries but not veins were surrounded by tracer. Correlative light and electron microscopy images indicated that this paravascular space was located outside of the endothelial layer in capillaries and just outside of the smooth muscle cells in arteries. In conclusion, the cerebrospinal fluid compartment, consisting of the subarachnoid space, cisterns, ventricles, and para-arteriolar spaces, forms a continuous and extensive network that surrounds and penetrates the rat brain, in which mixing may facilitate exchange between interstitial fluid and cerebrospinal fluid.

scholarly journals Neutrophil extracellular trap formation in theStreptococcus suis-infected cerebrospinal fluid compartment

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. e12649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole de Buhr ◽  
Friederike Reuner ◽  
Ariane Neumann ◽  
Carolin Stump-Guthier ◽  
Tobias Tenenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap ◽  
Trap Formation ◽  
Fluid Compartment ◽  
Extracellular Trap

The meningeal arrangement of the avian lumbosacral spinal cord

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 920-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo Azcoitia ◽  
Benjamin Fernández ◽  
Agustín Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Lumbosacral Spinal Cord ◽  
Fluid Compartment ◽  
Trabecular Network ◽  
Glycogen Body

The meningeal arrangement of the lumbosacral cord of Gallus is comparable to that of mammals. The meninges are formed by three lamellae: inner, intermediate, and outer. The arachnoid space, between the outer and intermediate lamellae, is wide and filled with a trabecular network, except in the region of the glycogen body and lobes of Lachi. This region is invaded by the glycogen body cells which also disrupt the inner and intermediate lamellae. A similarity between this region and the cerebellomedullary cistern of mammals is postulated, and the meaning of the presence of glycogen in the outer cerebrospinal fluid compartment is also discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document