The Role of Communication in Multicentre Trials

2015 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Alice A. Leeds
Keyword(s):  
Multicentre Trials

scholarly journals Management Strategies for Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus after Heart Transplantation: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Cehic ◽  
Nishant Nundall ◽  
Jerry R. Greenfield ◽  
Peter S. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Multicentre Trials ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide

Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a well-recognized complication of heart transplantation and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have yielded wide ranging estimates in the incidence of PTDM due in part to variable definitions applied. In addition, there is a limited published data on the management of PTDM after heart transplantation and a paucity of studies examining the effects of newer classes of hypoglycaemic drug therapies. In this review, we discuss the role of established glucose-lowering therapies and the rationale and emerging clinical evidence that supports the role of incretin-based therapies (glucagon like peptide- (GLP-) 1 agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase- (DPP-) 4 inhibitors) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in the management of PTDM after heart transplantation. Recently published Consensus Guidelines for the diagnosis of PTDM will hopefully lead to more consistent approaches to the diagnosis of PTDM and provide a platform for the larger-scale multicentre trials that will be needed to determine the role of these newer therapies in the management of PTDM.

Telemonitoring in Patients with Heart Failure – Lessons from Recent Randomised Multicentre Trials

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mortara ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Home Telemonitoring ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Multicentre Trials ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Positive Effect

Home telemonitoring (TLM) has been proposed as an effective tool to reduce cardiac events in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). In contrast to older and more recent meta-analyses, large randomised multicentre trials have failed to demonstrate any positive effect of TLM on HF rehospitalisation and all-cause mortality. However, these negative results do not preclude the potential role of TLM as an effective system for managing patients with HF. In this article, possible explanations for these negative results are presented and discussed, and a new model of TLM, with investments in technology but above all in personnel and organisation, is suggested.

scholarly journals Integrating nanomedicine and imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2107) ◽  
pp. 20170110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Pérez-Medina ◽  
Sjoerd Hak ◽  
Thomas Reiner ◽  
Zahi A. Fayad ◽  
Matthias Nahrendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
New Era ◽  
Multicentre Trials ◽  
Recent Developments

Biomedical engineering and its associated disciplines play a pivotal role in improving our understanding and management of disease. Motivated by past accomplishments, such as the clinical implementation of coronary stents, pacemakers or recent developments in antibody therapies, disease management now enters a new era in which precision imaging and nanotechnology-enabled therapeutics are maturing to clinical translation. Preclinical molecular imaging increasingly focuses on specific components of the immune system that drive disease progression and complications, allowing the in vivo study of potential therapeutic targets. The first multicentre trials highlight the potential of clinical multimodality imaging for more efficient drug development. In this perspective, the role of integrating engineering, nanotechnology, molecular imaging and immunology to yield precision medicine is discussed. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Challenges for chemistry in molecular imaging’.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

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