Effects of Maze Habituation and Habituation to Nicotine and Amphetamine on Exploratory Locomotion Patterns in Rats1

2015 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
J. Schlatter ◽  
K. B�ttig
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Locomotion

Role of cerebellar dopamine D3 receptors in modulating exploratory locomotion and cataleptogenicity in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saki Shimizu ◽  
Ayaka Tatara ◽  
Maho Sato ◽  
Tomone Sugiuchi ◽  
Satoshi Miyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine D3 Receptors ◽  
D3 Receptors ◽  
Dopamine D3 ◽  
Exploratory Locomotion

p-Chlorophenylalanine-induced serotonin depletion: reduction in exploratory locomotion but no obvious sensory-motor deficits

1995 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans C. Dringenberg ◽  
Eric L. Hargreaves ◽  
Glen B. Baker ◽  
Richard K. Cooley ◽  
C.H. Vanderwolf
Keyword(s):  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Serotonin Depletion ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Exploratory Locomotion

scholarly journals Effects of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Preconditioning Combined with Arachydonilcyclopropylamide (ACPA) on Exploratory Locomotion in Male Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-79
Author(s):  
Fariborz Manteghi ◽  
Mohammad Nasehi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zarrindast
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Cannabinoid Cb1 Receptor ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Exploratory Locomotion ◽  
A Current

Background: When confronting with an unfamiliar environment, animals exert orderly and complex behaviors called exploration. Locomotion is the most important part of exploratory behavior, but the principles of this behavior have not been fully understood yet. Here we studied the effects of the frontal region preconditioning with right and left frontal anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, arachydonilcyclopropylamide (ACPA) on locomotion in NMRI male mice. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out with 12 groups of NMRI mice (each group consisted of 8 mice), which were divided into 3 categories of ACPA alone, right, and left frontal anodal tDCS combined with ACPA. Anodal tDCS (with a current intensity of 0.2 mA for 20 minutes) was performed one day prior to ACPA intraperitoneal injection (0.01,0.05,0.1 mg/kg) and 15 minutes after injection the exploratory locomotion test was carried out. Results: The data showed that right frontal anodal tDCS combined with 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg of ACPA and left frontal anodal tDCS combined with 0.05 mg/kg ACPA increased exploratory locomotion. Conclusions: Our finding suggested that combined implementation of right and left anodal tDCS and ACPA exerted anxiolytic properties and could increase exploratory related locomotion.[GMJ. 2016;5(4):173-79]

scholarly journals Inhibition of Orexin/Hypocretin Neurons Ameliorates Elevated Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure in the A53T Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Milos Stanojlovic ◽  
Jean Pierre Pallais ◽  
Catherine M. Kotz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Transgenic Animal ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Spontaneous Physical Activity ◽  
Exploratory Locomotion ◽  
Early Parkinson’S Disease

Aside from the classical motor symptoms, Parkinson’s disease also has various non-classical symptoms. Interestingly, orexin neurons, involved in the regulation of exploratory locomotion, spontaneous physical activity, and energy expenditure, are affected in Parkinson’s. In this study, we hypothesized that Parkinson’s-disease-associated pathology affects orexin neurons and therefore impairs functions they regulate. To test this, we used a transgenic animal model of Parkinson’s, the A53T mouse. We measured body composition, exploratory locomotion, spontaneous physical activity, and energy expenditure. Further, we assessed alpha-synuclein accumulation, inflammation, and astrogliosis. Finally, we hypothesized that chemogenetic inhibition of orexin neurons would ameliorate observed impairments in the A53T mice. We showed that aging in A53T mice was accompanied by reductions in fat mass and increases in exploratory locomotion, spontaneous physical activity, and energy expenditure. We detected the presence of alpha-synuclein accumulations in orexin neurons, increased astrogliosis, and microglial activation. Moreover, loss of inhibitory pre-synaptic terminals and a reduced number of orexin cells were observed in A53T mice. As hypothesized, this chemogenetic intervention mitigated the behavioral disturbances induced by Parkinson’s disease pathology. This study implicates the involvement of orexin in early Parkinson’s-disease-associated impairment of hypothalamic-regulated physiological functions and highlights the importance of orexin neurons in Parkinson’s disease symptomology.

scholarly journals Author response: Brain-wide mapping of neural activity controlling zebrafish exploratory locomotion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy W Dunn ◽  
Yu Mu ◽  
Sujatha Narayan ◽  
Owen Randlett ◽  
Eva A Naumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Exploratory Locomotion

scholarly journals Exploratory locomotion, a predictor of addiction vulnerability, is oligogenic in rats selected for this phenotype

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (26) ◽  
pp. 13107-13115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Zhou ◽  
Peter Blandino ◽  
Qiaoping Yuan ◽  
Pei-Hong Shen ◽  
Colin A. Hodgkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Significant Qtls ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Exploratory Locomotion

Artificially selected model organisms can reveal hidden features of the genetic architecture of the complex disorders that they model. Addictions are disease phenotypes caused by different intermediate phenotypes and pathways and thereby are potentially highly polygenic. High responder (bHR) and low responder (bLR) rat lines have been selectively bred (b) for exploratory locomotion (EL), a behavioral phenotype correlated with novelty-seeking, impulsive response to reward, and vulnerability to addiction, and is inversely correlated with spontaneous anxiety and depression-like behaviors. The rapid response to selection indicates loci of large effect for EL. Using exome sequencing of HR and LR rats, we identified alleles in gene-coding regions that segregate between the two lines. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis in F2 rats derived from a bHR × bLR intercross confirmed that these regions harbored genes affecting EL. The combined effects of the seven genome-wide significant QTLs accounted for approximately one-third of the total variance in EL, and two-thirds of the variance attributable to genetic factors, consistent with an oligogenic architecture of EL estimated both from the phenotypic distribution of F2 animals and rapid response to selection. Genetic association in humans linkedAPBA2, the ortholog of the gene at the center of the strongest QTL, with substance use disorders and related behavioral phenotypes. Our finding is also convergent with molecular and animal behavioral studies implicating Apba2 in locomotion. These results provide multilevel evidence for genes/loci influencing EL. They shed light on the genetic architecture of oligogenicity in animals artificially selected for a phenotype modeling a more complex disorder in humans.

On the psychological attachment of infants to their mothers

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Safe Space ◽  
Feeling States ◽  
Typical Distances ◽  
Exploratory Locomotion

The attachment of the infant to the mother can be seen in open parkland when an infant is set free for exercise and play. In an area of safe space, a mother has little cause to restrain her child, nor, owing to other attractions around, to entertain or otherwise divert him. In order to deduce which of the women and infants make up kinship pairs, the observer postulates criteria for recognizing a pair; attachment is then conceived of as factors which identify a mother and her infant in field conditions.The infant detaches himself from his mother but he maintains proximity to her, particularly around the age of 2 years, when his proximity- and contact-seeking are at their height. Yet, at this age, the infant shows most alertness to remote events. From 2 years old onwards, the presence of age-mates competes for the infant's proximity. Hence, the statistical data presented below is from observations which were made when the likelihood of interruption by neighbouring people was minimal.Proximity to the mother can be defined as the child's being at rest beside her, or as his playing in her vicinity, or as a pattern of exploratory locomotion with the mother the centre of the territory he covers. In each of these aspects, the behaviour of 1-, 2- and 3-year-olds is distinguished by typical distances from the mother.The infant's responsiveness to unexpected sights or sounds is inferred from the orientation responses he makes to them. In his postures and the distances he takes up from the mother, his feeling-states of alertness, fear, anger, uncertainty, fatigue and conflict are expressed; when thus activated, he tends to relate himself to his mother.

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