Use of Barium Duodenography in Diagnosis of Tumors of the Ampulla of Vater

Aims: To demonstrate the prevalence, accompanying pathologies, imaging and follow up findings of Duodenal Diverticula (DD) with Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT). Materials and Methods: Consecutive 2910 abdominal MDCTs were retrospectively reviewed on axial, coronal and sagittal planes. DD were evaluated for prevalence, location, number, size, contents, diverticular neck, accompanying pancreaticobiliary pathologies, jejunal and colonic diverticula, respectively. Results: DD were diagnosed in 157 cases (5.4%) and found mostly in the second part of the duodenum. Juxta-ampullary DD was the most common type (78.3%) and mostly located ventral (n:86, 69.9%) to the ampulla of Vater. DD was solitary in 123 patients (78.3%) and more than one in 34 patients (21.7%). The median diameter of DD was 2.5 cm (range 1.5-3.6 cm) in the long-axis. The lumen of DD contains air and contrast agent (n:96, 61.1%); air, contrast agent and debris (n:42, 26.7%) in most cases. Colonic diverticula (n:36, 22.9%), cholelithiasis (n:32, 20.4%), choledocholithiasis (n:7, 4.4%), and biliary dilatation (n:8, 5.1%) were the most common additional findings. Median follow-up time was 23 months (range 11 to 41 months). In three cases, new findings (cholelithiasis, n:3, choledocholithiasis, n:1) were detected. Conclusion: Accompanying pathologies with DD diagnosis are valuable for physicians in order to manage the patients. Following clinical and radiological features of well-diagnosed DD might reduce the possible complications.

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Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: management and review of the literature

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-236477 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. e236477

Author(s):

Subhash Soni ◽

Poonam Elhence ◽

Vaibhav Kumar Varshney ◽

Sunita Suman

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Ampulla Of Vater ◽

Metallic Stent ◽

Biological Behaviour ◽

Curative Intent ◽

Term Survival ◽

History Of

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ampulla of Vater is a rare pathology and only few cases are reported in the literature. With limited experience of primary SCC in the ampulla of Vater, its biological behaviour, prognosis and long-term survival rates are not well known. A 38-year-old woman presented with a history of painless progressive jaundice for which self-expending metallic stent was placed 3 years back. She was evaluated and initially diagnosed as probably periampullary adenocarcinoma. She underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and histopathology with immunohistochemistry was suggestive of SCC of ampulla of Vater. She received adjuvant chemotherapy and doing well with no recurrence after 1 year of follow-up. In conclusion, SCC of the ampulla is an unusual pathology that should be kept as a differential diagnosis for periampullary tumours. Surgical treatment with curative intent should be performed whenever feasible even in the setting of bulky tumour to improve the outcome.

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Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Ampulla of Vater: A Narrative Review

Gastrointestinal Tumors ◽

10.1159/000514613 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Bita Geramizadeh ◽

Alireza Shojazadeh

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor ◽

Spindle Cell ◽

English Literature ◽

Ampulla Of Vater ◽

Good Prognosis ◽

Stromal Tumor ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Histologic Diagnosis ◽

Lower Gi Bleeding ◽

Mitotic Figures

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the ampulla of Vater is a rare occurrence. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no published review on this rare tumor in the English literature so far. Summary: In this review, we will discuss all the reported details of the published cases, including demography, clinical presentation, imaging, gross pathology and histopathology, immunohistochemical findings, treatment modalities, and outcome of cases with the diagnosis GIST from the ampulla of Vater in the last 20 years. Key Message: Twenty-five cases of GIST in the ampulla of Vater have been reported in the last 20 years in the English literature. GIST in the ampulla of Vater are usually small tumors (<5 cm) in middle-age patients. The majority of the patients present with lower GI bleeding and abdominal pain. Imaging findings are not characteristic, and most of the patients without biopsy and with no histologic diagnosis were operated with the primary impression of adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumor, and GIST. Perioperative tissue biopsy has been accurate in <70% of the cases. The majority of the reported cases of GISTs in the ampulla of Vater have been low risk with spindle-cell morphology, low mitotic figures, and minimal atypia; reactive for C-KIT and DOG-1; and nonreactive for SMA, desmin, and S100. In the majority of the cases, duodenectomy with or without Whipple’s operation has been performed, and most of the cases showed good prognosis.

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Gastric adenocarcinoma at stage IV with complete remission after neoadjuvant therapy concurrent with adenosquamous carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: a case report and literature review

BMC Surgery ◽

10.1186/s12893-021-01133-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shuo Li ◽

Mengqing Sun ◽

Yingxin Wei ◽

Yunlu Feng ◽

Xiaoyan Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Complete Remission ◽

Neoadjuvant Therapy ◽

Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽

Adenosquamous Carcinoma ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Ampulla Of Vater ◽

Regional Lymph Node Dissection ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽

Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes ◽

Ampullary Tumor

Abstract Background Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the ampulla of Vater (AmV) is exceedingly rare with more aggressive behavior and worse prognosis than adenocarcinoma. The finding of ASC at the AmV in combination to the gastric adenocarcinoma has never been reported in the literature before. Case presentation An old lady was diagnosed as gastric adenocarcinoma at stage IV with enlargement of supraclavicular lymph nodes by gastroscopy and histopathological evaluation 3 years ago. Afterwards, the patient achieved complete remission after regular chemotherapy. However, the patient manifested yellow sclera and skin, choluria and clay colored stool 3 months ago. Preoperative contrast-enhanced CT, ERCP, MRCP, and PET/CT revealed the presence of an ampullary tumor. The patient then underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy with regional lymph node dissection. Postoperative cytological analyses confirmed the diagnosis of gastric ulcer with complete response to neoadjuvant therapy and ASC at the AmV. The patient’s postoperative outcome was uneventful. Conclusion Drawing firm conclusions about the diagnosis of ampullary ASC is difficult because of the difficulty in acquiring both adenocarcinoma and SCC components by fine needle biopsy. The rarity of ASC of the AmV coexistent with gastric carcinoma makes it difficult to elucidate their clinicopathological characteristics, therapeutic strategies and overall prognosis. Surgical resection still remains the main treatment method.

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Development of Wernicke’s encephalopathy long after subtotal stomach-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy: a case report

Surgical Case Reports ◽

10.1186/s40792-020-00982-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chikanori Tsutsumi ◽

Toshiya Abe ◽

Tomohiko Shinkawa ◽

Hideyuki Watanabe ◽

Kazuyoshi Nishihara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Chronic Alcoholism ◽

Ampulla Of Vater ◽

Wernicke’S Encephalopathy ◽

Wernicke's Encephalopathy ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Level Of Consciousness ◽

Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽

After Effect ◽

Thiamine Level

Abstract Background Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neuropsychiatric disorder resulting from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, frequently associated with chronic alcoholism and total parenteral nutrition without thiamine. However, only a few reports have focused on the relationship between WE and subtotal stomach-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (SSPPD). Case presentation A 71-year-old woman underwent SSPPD for an adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Although there had been no evidence of recurrence, the patient was treated with antibiotics for cholangitis at 12 and 31 months, respectively, post-surgery. Thereafter, the patient presented with vomiting and disorientation 33 months after surgery. Although she was admitted and underwent closer inspection by a neurologist and a psychiatrist, the exact cause of these syndromes remained unknown. The psychiatrist measured thiamine concentration to examine the cause of disorientation. After 6 days, her level of consciousness worsened. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head showed symmetrically multiple abnormal hyperintense signals on fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery and diffusion weighted image, compatible with WE. An administration of intravenous thiamine was immediately initiated. After 8 days of the measurement of the thiamine level, the patient’s serum thiamine level was found to be 6 µg/mL (reference range, 24–66 µg/mL). Accordingly, the patient was diagnosed with WE. Shortly after starting the treatment, blood thiamine value reached above normal range with significant improvement of her confusional state. However, short-term memory and ataxia remained. Conclusions Development of WE after SSPPD is uncommon. However, to prevent an after-effect, the possibility of development of WE after SSPPD should be recognized.

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Infected liver cysts resulting from ascending cholangitis and cancer of the ampulla of Vater: A case report

Advances in Digestive Medicine ◽

10.1002/aid2.13270 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ming‐Tse Hsu ◽

Tsung‐Jung Tsai ◽

Chi‐Yi Chen ◽

Ching‐Chung Chiang ◽

Chien‐Chin Chen

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Ampulla Of Vater ◽

Liver Cysts ◽

Ascending Cholangitis ◽

Infected Liver

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Role of transduodenal ampullectomy for tumors of the ampulla of Vater

Journal of the Korean Surgical Society ◽

10.4174/jkss.2011.81.4.250 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 250 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jieun Kim ◽

Seong Ho Choi ◽

Dong Wook Choi ◽

Jin Seok Heo ◽

Kee-Taek Jang

Keyword(s):

Ampulla Of Vater

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