Cardio-Respiratory Fitness � A New Look at Maximum Oxygen Intake

2015 ◽  
pp. 61-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Shephard
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Intake ◽  
Cardio Respiratory Fitness ◽  
New Look

scholarly journals Comparison of Maximum Oxygen Intake (VO2max) In Ten and Fourteen-Year-Old Girls // Usporedba maksimalnog primitka kisika (VO2max) djevojčica dobi 10 i 14 godina

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Badrić ◽  
Ivan Prskalo ◽  
Velibor Srdić
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Intake ◽  
Cardio Respiratory Fitness

The objective of the present research was to determine whether aerobic capacity of fourteen-year-old girls is higher than that of ten-year-old girls. The research aimed to establish if the level of cardio respiratory fitness in girls decreases with age, and if their overall physical activity also decreases. A low level of cardio respiratory fitness from an early age has been confirmed in a number of studies, and it has been highly correlated with a sedentary lifestyle. Research participants were 94 fourth and eighth grade primary school girls. The variables were anthropometric measures for body height, body weight, waist circumference, and hips circumference. All the measurements were done in accordance with the International Biological Program (IBP). Body fat percentage (BF%) was also measured with the Omron (Type BF511, Japan). A multistage 20m shuttle run test was used to obtain the values for aerobic capacity, and PAQ-C questionnaire was used to estimate the level of physical activity. The results indicate that only 5% of female students meet the recommendations for physical activity while 83% engage in moderate physical activity. Statistically significant differences were determined for the variables used to estimate the aerobic capacity, with ten-year-old girls (p=0.00) having better aerobic capacity than the fourteen-year-old girls. Furthermore, ten-year-old girls were found to be significantly more physically active (p=0.00). The results of the correlation test between the aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and the overall physical activity (PA) indicate significant positive correlation (r = 0.42; p = 0.00). Girls who do not engage in physical activity at least for the recommended 60 minutes need to be directed towards various forms of healthy lifestyle with a special emphasis on everyday physical exercise that may increase their aerobic capacity.

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN ADOLESCENT JUDO ATHLETES CAUSED BY TRAINING DURING START PERIOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (78) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Jan Jaszczanin ◽  
Wojciech Przybylski ◽  
Waldemar Moska ◽  
Egle Kemeryte-Riaubiene ◽  
Grzegorz Chruściński
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Functional Adaptation ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Intake ◽  
Judo Athletes

Study aim: The goal of the present study was to estimate and compare dynamics of physical fitness indices of judo athletes and non-sporting persons aged 11-17 years during this stage ontogeny and their importance of the body’s functional adaptation. Study material: The studies involved 47 judo athletes, 11–17 years old, who were divided into three age groups GP 11-13 years n=16; GP 14-15 years n=16; GP 16-17 years n=15, and 48 schoolchildren not involved in sports GK 11-13 years n=16; GK 14-15 years n=15; GK 16-17 years n=17. Aerobic and anaerobic capacity was studied in all groups. The initial studies were carried out in January and follow-up studies were conducted six months later. Results: Power indicators increased in all groups, but judo athletes’ anaerobic capacity was significantly higher comparing to other groups. Judo athletes’ simulation fights resulted in increased La concentrations, pH changes, and heart rate alterations, whereas the level of changes depended on athletes’ age, training, and training experience. Comparison of maximum oxygen intake parameters of judo players and untrained children of the same age did not reveal significant differences between these groups. Wrestlers aged 12 and 16 years presented significantly higher anaerobic prevalence in comparison with untrained children. The differences indicate that anaerobic performance potential in older judo athletes (16 years old and above) is increased, which is reflected by a higher intensity and elevated exercise loads as well as training experience. Conclusions: No significant differences were reported in terms of VO2 max between the study groups. The indicators of anaerobic performance of children training in judo (W/kg, W average /kg, Time achieved max power, Time to maintain max power) were significantly better in comparison with untrained peers. The maximum loads (Wingate test, especially in simulative judo fights) caused a significant increase in La levels accompanied by a decrease in pH in the chosen period of growth period.

Muscular exercise at great altitudes

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. C. E. Pugh ◽  
M. B. Gill ◽  
S. Lahiri ◽  
J. S. Milledge ◽  
M. P. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Intake ◽  
Lung Diffusion ◽  
Ergometer Exercise

Oxygen intake, ventilation and heart rate were measured in six subjects performing ergometer exercise at various altitudes from sea level to 7,440 m (24,400 ft) (Bar. 300 mm Hg) during a Himalayan expedition lasting 8 months. Oxygen intake for a given work rate was constant and independent of altitude, up to the maximum work rate that could be maintained for 5 min. Maximum oxygen intake declined with increase of altitude, reaching 1.46 liters/min at 7,440 m (24,400 ft) in the best subject. Ventilation (STPD) for a given work rate was independent of altitude in light and moderate exercise but increased at each altitude as maximum oxygen intake was approached. Ventilation values of 140–200 liters (BTPS)/min were observed at altitudes above 4,650 m (15,300 ft). Heart rates at altitude were higher at low and moderate work intensities, but the same as or lower than the corresponding sea-level value for the same work load, as maximum oxygen intake was approached. Breathing oxygen at sea-level pressure at 5,800 m (19,000 ft) reduced ventilation and heart rate for a given work rate, restored work capacity almost to sea-level values and increased maximum heart rate. With the aid of data on blood, lung diffusion, and cardiac output from companion studies, the oxygen transport system was analyzed in three subjects, including a high-altitude Sherpa; and evidence is put forward that lung diffusion, cardiac output, and the high oxygen cost of extreme ventilation all contributed to the limitation of exercise at 5,800 m (19,000 ft). respiration, work and altitude; ventilation, work and altitude; heart rate, work and altitude; O2 transport system at high altitudes; altitude acclimatization Submitted on July 29, 1963

Nomogram by Astrand and Ryhming as a predictor of maximum oxygen intake.

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Teräslinna ◽  
A H Ismail ◽  
D F MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Intake

scholarly journals Fit for Surgery – Effects of short-course multimodal individualized prehabilitation in high-risk frail colon cancer patients prior to surgery: A feasibility study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Dahlin Bojesen ◽  
Lars Bo Jørgensen ◽  
Camilla Grube ◽  
Søren Thorgaard Skou ◽  
Christoffer Johansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Intake ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Postoperative Length ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract Background Prehabilitation is a promising modality for improving patient-related outcomes after major surgery, however, very little research has been done for those who may need it the most; the elderly and the frail. The study aimed to investigate if high risk, frail patients with colorectal cancer and WHO performance status I and II could adhere to a short course multimodal prehabilitation intervention prior to surgery.Methods The study was conducted as a single-center, prospective one-arm feasibility study with limited-efficacy testing of eight patients. The intervention consisted of a physical training program tailored to the patients with both high-intensity interval training and resistance training three times a week, nutritional support with protein and vitamins, a consultation with a dietician, and medical optimization prior to surgery. The primary outcomes were the increase in maximum oxygen intake (VO2 peak) during the intervention and per-protocol compliance and adherence. Secondary outcomes were: increase in body weight, increase in albumin, adverse events during the intervention, postoperative length of stay, and complications within 30 days after surgery. Results The mean age vas 80 (range: 66-88). Seven completed the intervention. The mean increase in maximum oxygen intake (VO2 peak) was 17 % (range: 0.6% - 28 %), with two patients being non-responders. All patients who had a prediagnostic weight loss increased their body weight with a mean of 2.5 kg (range: 1.3 – 4.0 kg). Adherence to high-intensity interval training was 87 %, whereas adherence to nutritional support was 57 %. The median postoperative length of stay was 3 days (range: 1-26).Conclusions This one-arm feasibility study indicates that multimodal prehabilitation including high-intensity interval training can be performed with high adherence to the program in patients with colorectal cancer and WHO performance status I and II Clinical trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04167436, Date of registration November 18 2019. Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Reliability of the estimated maximum oxygen intake among triathron enthusiasts.

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Yasuyoshi ASAKAWA ◽  
Hikaru NAKAI ◽  
Mikako ARIKAWA ◽  
Keiko ISOBE ◽  
Minoru KAMEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Intake

Effects of clenbuterol on horses

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
S.D. Drake ◽  
L.E. Hansen ◽  
C. Harris ◽  
W.C. Lewis ◽  
E. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Intake ◽  
Reactive Airway Disease ◽  
The Us ◽  
Horse Industry ◽  
Multiple Species

Clenbuterol was intended as a treatment for respiratory diseases in horses, but has been used in multiple species, including humans, for its repartitioning of fat to lean effects (free fatty acids are released from adipose tissue to be used by tissues of higher priority). In the horse industry clenbuterol application is restricted to the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and reactive airway disease (heaves). Negative effects of clenbuterol exposure include a decrease in maximum oxygen intake and increased muscle fatigue upon exercise. As a result of these and other negative effects, clenbuterol remains strictly controlled by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Stroke volume during recovery from upright bicycle exercise

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Goldberg ◽  
R. J. Shephard
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Intake ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Nonsteady State ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Rebreathing Method

A CO2 rebreathing method has been modified to allow nonsteady-state measurements of cardiac output during and after recovery from upright bicycle ergometer exercise. Data obtained on 10 healthy men who continued loadless pedaling for 4 min following a progressive exercise bout to 70% of maximum oxygen intake showed a rapid recovery of heart rate. In contrast, there was an early 29% increase of stroke volume and 216 s after exercise the stroke volume was still larger than the final exercise reading. It appears that if venous return is facilitated, the metabolic needs of recovery plus the small cost of loadless pedaling are met by maintaining stroke volume rather than heart rate.

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