Sensitivity of VCG Parameters to Baseline Adjustment Procedures

2015 ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Wellner ◽  
Klaus Brodda
Keyword(s):  
Baseline Adjustment

Subtraction of the Water Spectra from Infrared Spectra of Acidic and Alkaline Solutions

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 963-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Joseph Max ◽  
Camille Chapados
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Acidic Solutions ◽  
Baseline Adjustment ◽  
Basic Solutions

The IR spectrum of a sample in acidic and alkaline solutions cannot be retrieved adequately when only the spectrum of pure water is subtracted. After such an operation, some water bands remain in the spectrum, which also has a distorted baseline. An analysis of a series of IR spectra of HCl and NaOH solutions showed that they could be represented by two pairs of eigenspectra, one pair for the acidic solutions and the other for the basic solutions. The fraction of each eigenspectrum of a sample in an acidic or alkaline solution is determined with the 2100 and 3300 cm−1 water bands. After subtraction, no baseline adjustment is necessary. The effectiveness of the method used to subtract the water bands is illustrated with solutions of malic acid at low and high pH.

scholarly journals Reduced sample sizes for atrophy outcomes in Alzheimer's disease trials: baseline adjustment

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1452-1462.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Schott ◽  
J.W. Bartlett ◽  
J. Barnes ◽  
K.K. Leung ◽  
S. Ourselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Baseline Adjustment

Baseline adjustment increases accurate interpretation of posturographic sway scores

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-288
Author(s):  
A. Tietäväinen ◽  
J. Corander ◽  
E. Hæggström
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Interpretation ◽  
Baseline Adjustment

scholarly journals Baseline adjustment methodology in a shared water savings contract under serious drought conditions

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
HE Jacobs ◽  
JL Du Plessis ◽  
Nicole Nel ◽  
S Gugushe ◽  
S Levin
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Minimum Night Flow ◽  
Baseline Adjustment ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Complex Methods

Baselines are often employed in shared water saving contracts for estimating water savings after some type of intervention by the water service company. An adjustment to the baseline may become necessary under certain conditions. Earlier work has described a number of relatively complex methods for baseline determination and adjustment, but application in regions faced with relatively limited data becomes problematic. If the adjustment were determined before finalising the contractual matters, it would be possible to gather the required data in order to determine the adjustment. However, in cases where no adjustment was fixed prior to the contract, a method is required to determine an adjustment mid-contract based on whatever data are available at the time. This paper presents a methodology for baseline adjustment in an existing shared water savings contract and explains how adjustment could be determined mid-contract, under conditions of limited data. The adjustment compensates for expected reduced water consumption due to external influences induced by serious water restrictions, typically introduced during periods of drought. The fundamental principle underpinning the baseline adjustment methodology presented in this paper involved segregating real water losses from the actual consumption of end-users, preferably by analysing the minimum night flow. In the absence of recorded night flows, an alternative procedure involving the minimum monthly consumption pre- and post-baseline was employed. The baseline adjustment method was subsequently applied in a South African case study, reported on separately. This technique is helpful because adjustments could be determined without adding unnecessary complexity or cost, and provides a means to resolve disputes in cases where unexpected savings occur mid-contract.

scholarly journals Baseline adjustment methodology in a shared water savings contract under serious drought conditions

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
HE Jacobs ◽  
JL Du Plessis ◽  
Nicole Nel ◽  
S Gugushe ◽  
S Levin
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Minimum Night Flow ◽  
Baseline Adjustment ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Complex Methods

Baselines are often employed in shared water saving contracts for estimating water savings after some type of intervention by the water service company. An adjustment to the baseline may become necessary under certain conditions. Earlier work has described a number of relatively complex methods for baseline determination and adjustment, but application in regions faced with relatively limited data becomes problematic. If the adjustment were determined before finalising the contractual matters, it would be possible to gather the required data in order to determine the adjustment. However, in cases where no adjustment was fixed prior to the contract, a method is required to determine an adjustment mid-contract based on whatever data are available at the time. This paper presents a methodology for baseline adjustment in an existing shared water savings contract and explains how adjustment could be determined mid-contract, under conditions of limited data. The adjustment compensates for expected reduced water consumption due to external influences induced by serious water restrictions, typically introduced during periods of drought. The fundamental principle underpinning the baseline adjustment methodology presented in this paper involved segregating real water losses from the actual consumption of end-users, preferably by analysing the minimum night flow. In the absence of recorded night flows, an alternative procedure involving the minimum monthly consumption pre- and post-baseline was employed. The baseline adjustment method was subsequently applied in a South African case study, reported on separately. This technique is helpful because adjustments could be determined without adding unnecessary complexity or cost, and provides a means to resolve disputes in cases where unexpected savings occur mid-contract.

scholarly journals Blinded sample size reestimation for negative binomial regression with baseline adjustment

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (14) ◽  
pp. 1980-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Zapf ◽  
Thomas Asendorf ◽  
Christoph Anten ◽  
Tobias Mütze ◽  
Tim Friede
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Baseline Adjustment

scholarly journals When Is Baseline Adjustment Useful in Analyses of Change? An Example with Education and Cognitive Change

2005 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maria Glymour ◽  
Jennifer Weuve ◽  
Lisa F. Berkman ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi ◽  
James M. Robins
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Baseline Adjustment
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