A Modified Millipore Filter Method for Assaying Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Locomotion and Chemotaxis

2015 ◽  
pp. 126-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally H. Zigmond
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Millipore Filter

scholarly journals Defective neutrophil migration in monosomy-7

Blood ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Ruutu ◽  
T Ruutu ◽  
H Repo ◽  
P Vuopio ◽  
T Timonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Partial Deletion ◽  
Millipore Filter ◽  
Monosomy 7 ◽  
Filter Assay ◽  
Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Abstract The migration in vitro of neutrophils from six patients with monosomy-7 or partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7 was studied by two methods: the Millipore filter assay and the migration under agarose assay. Four of the patients had preleukemia, one had subacute myelomonocytic leukemia, and one polycythemia vera. In four patients, chemotaxis (migration towards a higher concentration of chemoattractant) and chemokinesis (stimulated migration without a gradient) were shown to be defective by both methods. In the remaining two patients, this defect could be demonstrated only by the Millipore filter assay or by the agarose assay. Under agarose, random locomotion (no chemoattractant present) of the patients' neutrophils was less than that of the control subjects in four patients, whereas no clear difference could be shown by the Millipore filter method. This study demonstrates that the previously described defect of neutrophil migration in monosomy-7 involves not only chemotaxis but all stimulated migration and, at least in some patients, random locomotion as well. Defective migration in two patients with an apparently terminal deletion of the long arm of one chromosome 7 indicates that the distal half of 7q carries genetic material important for neutrophil locomotion.

scholarly journals LEUKOCYTE LOCOMOTION AND CHEMOTAXIS

1973 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally H. Zigmond ◽  
James G. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Boyden Chamber ◽  
Millipore Filter ◽  
Microscopic Method ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
Filter Surface ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Direct Microscopic Observation

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) locomotion and chemotaxis have been evaluated by direct microscopic observation of individual cells in thin slide-cover slip preparations, and also by observations on populations of cells migrating into a Millipore filter. The direct microscopic method used the polarity of the locomoting PMNs (broad, advancing lamellipodium and knoblike constriction at the rear) to record the direction of movement. The Boyden chamber Millipore assay was made more reliable by following the front of cells advancing into the filter, rather than counting the number of cells on the lower filter surface. Special modifications of the Millipore assay were necessary in order to distinguish between influences on rate of locomotion and true chemotaxis. In both systems the results indicate that under certain conditions leukocytes, and in particular PMNs, release into the medium a factor stimulating locomotion and exerting chemotactic action on PMNs in the vicinity. This cell-derived factor appears not to require serum factors for its release or action.

Orthodontic Rare Earth Magnets—In Vitro Assessment of Cytotoxicity

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Bondemark ◽  
Jüri Kurol ◽  
Alf Wennberg
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Millipore Filter ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Neodymium Iron Boron ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
High Cytotoxicity

The aim of this study was to assess and compare in vitro the cytotoxic effects of uncoated and parylene-coated rare earth magnets, used in orthodontics. Cytotoxicity of samarium-cobalt magnets (SmCo5 and Sm2Co17) and neodymium-iron-boron magnets (Nd2Fe14B) was assessed by two in vitro methods, the millipore filter method and an extraction method. Orthodontic stainless steel brackets served as controls. Uncoated SmCo5-magnets showed high cytotoxicity while uncoated Sm2Co17-magnets demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity. Uncoated neodymium-iron-boron magnets, as well as parylene coated Sm2Co17-magnets and parylene-coated neodymium-iron-boron magnets, showed negligible cytotoxicity. Short-term exposure to a static magnetic field did not cause any cytotoxic effect on the cells.

scholarly journals Defective neutrophil migration in monosomy-7

Blood ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745
Author(s):  
P Ruutu ◽  
T Ruutu ◽  
H Repo ◽  
P Vuopio ◽  
T Timonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Partial Deletion ◽  
Millipore Filter ◽  
Monosomy 7 ◽  
Filter Assay ◽  
Myelomonocytic Leukemia

The migration in vitro of neutrophils from six patients with monosomy-7 or partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7 was studied by two methods: the Millipore filter assay and the migration under agarose assay. Four of the patients had preleukemia, one had subacute myelomonocytic leukemia, and one polycythemia vera. In four patients, chemotaxis (migration towards a higher concentration of chemoattractant) and chemokinesis (stimulated migration without a gradient) were shown to be defective by both methods. In the remaining two patients, this defect could be demonstrated only by the Millipore filter assay or by the agarose assay. Under agarose, random locomotion (no chemoattractant present) of the patients' neutrophils was less than that of the control subjects in four patients, whereas no clear difference could be shown by the Millipore filter method. This study demonstrates that the previously described defect of neutrophil migration in monosomy-7 involves not only chemotaxis but all stimulated migration and, at least in some patients, random locomotion as well. Defective migration in two patients with an apparently terminal deletion of the long arm of one chromosome 7 indicates that the distal half of 7q carries genetic material important for neutrophil locomotion.

Platelet Metabolism during the Interiorization of Two Different Types of Particulate Matter

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Cooper ◽  
P Cochrane ◽  
B. G. Firkin ◽  
K. J. Pinkard
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

SummaryIt has been suggested that human platelets possess the ability to phagocytose particulate matter similar to the polymorphonuclear leukocyte. However some difference of opinion has arisen regarding this contention, particularly as differences have been demonstrated with regard to the observed metabolic changes occurring in platelets related to such a process.The experiments reported in this paper were designed to observe the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in human platelets during and following interiorization of two different particles, viz. polystyrene latex and thorotrast. The results of these experiments show a marked difference between both types of particles with regard to observable metabolic changes despite the rapid interiorization of both types of material. Some alteration occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism a considerable time after interiorization of latex, whereas no alteration could be demonstrated after interiorization of thorotrast. It is suggested that the interiorization of particulate matter is by some process other than phagocytosis and that observed metabolic changes related to latex may be due to a release reaction.

Enhancing the Performance of One Dimensional Median Filter

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Sharanabasappa ◽  
P Ravibabu
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Noise ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Median Filter ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Salt And Pepper Noise ◽  
Edge Preservation ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Filter Architecture ◽  
Salt And Pepper

Nowadays, during the process of Image acquisition and transmission, image information data can be corrupted by impulse noise. That noise is classified as salt and pepper noise and random impulse noise depending on the noise values. A median filter is widely used digital nonlinear filter  in edge preservation, removing of impulse noise and smoothing of signals. Median filter is the widely used to remove salt and pepper noise than rank order filter, morphological filter, and unsharp masking filter. The median filter replaces a sample with the middle value among all the samples present inside the sample window. A median filter will be of two types depending on the number of samples processed at the same cycle i.e, bit level architecture and word level architecture.. In this paper, Carry Look-ahead Adder median filter method will be introduced to improve the hardware resources used in median filter architecture for 5 window and 9 window for 8 bit and 16 bit median filter architecture.

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