Biochemical Aspects of Human Milk � Comparison with Bovine Milk

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Blanc
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Bovine Milk

A Retrospective Analysis of the Effects of an Exclusively Human Milk Protein Diet on Neonatal Feeding Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Wickland ◽  
Christine Wade ◽  
Becky Micetic ◽  
Keith Meredith ◽  
Gregory Martin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Human Milk Protein ◽  
Feeding Tolerance

Objective This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of human milk protein fortifier (HMPF) versus bovine milk protein fortifier (BMPF) on feeding tolerance defined as the time to reach full feeds and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Study Design A retrospective review using the BabySteps Database included 493 infants born ≤33 weeks of gestational age and ≤1,250 g (g) birth weight. A total of 218 infants fed a human milk diet (HMD) with BMPF were compared with 275 infants fed an HMD with HMPF. Results Full feeds were reached significantly sooner in the HMPF group (median: 14 vs. 16 days, p = 0.04). Weight at full feeds was significantly lower in the HMPF group (1,060 vs. 1110 g, p = 0.03). Conclusion Using HMPF to provide an exclusively HMD allowed VLBW infants to achieve full feeds sooner, but did not affect rate of NEC compared with using a BMPF with an HMD. Key Points

scholarly journals Comparison of methods for milk pre-processing, exosome isolation, and RNA extraction in bovine and human milk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanoji Wijenayake ◽  
Shafinaz Eisha ◽  
Zoya Tawhidi ◽  
Michael A. Pitino ◽  
Michael A. Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Membrane Bound

AbstractMilk is a highly complex, heterogeneous biological fluid that contains bioactive, membrane-bound extracellular vesicles called exosomes. Characterization of milk-derived exosomes (MDEs) is challenging due to the lack of standardized methods that are currently being used for milk pre-processing, exosome isolation, and RNA extraction. In this study, we tested: 1) three pre-processing methods to remove cream, fat, and casein proteins from bovine milk to determine whether pre-processing of whole milk, prior to long-term storage, improves MDE isolations, 2) two commonly-used exosome isolation methods, and 3) four extraction protocols for obtaining high quality MDE RNA from bovine and human milk. MDEs were characterized via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA). We also present an optimized method of TEM sample preparation and isolation of total soluble protein from MDEs. Our results indicated that: 1) pre-processing of bovine milk prior to storage does not affect the final exosome yield or the purity, 2) ExoQuick precipitation is better suited for MDE isolation than ultracentrifugation for bovine and human milk, and 3) TRIzol LS produced the highest RNA yield in bovine milk, whereas TRIzol LS, TRIzol+RNA Clean and Concentrator, and TRIzol LS+RNA Clean and Concentrator methods can be used for human milk.

Summary-The Early Feeds: Human Milk Versus Formula and Bovine Milk

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-159
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Casein Protein

Adaptations of the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system that take place during the first year of postnatal life are of great importance, initially facilitating the transition between gestation and lactation, ultimately supporting independent postnatal life. When considering feeding options during the early periods, the roles of human milk, commercially prepared formula, and bovine milk must be evaluated in light of recent knowledge of these adaptations. Since infant feeding practices and the biologic capabilities of infants themselves vary significantly, the question arises as to what is "acceptable" v what is "optimal." NUTRITIONAL PROTEINS At present, evaluations of the amount of protein required for infant growth are based on clinical studies of largē populations and include a "margin of safety" to meet the needs of the individual infant. Based on the assumption that the milk of a given species is best adapted to the nutrient requirements of the young of that species, human infant protein requirements are determined by the protein contribution of human breast milk. Breast-milk proteins are defined broadly as either whey or casein protein with an approximate ratio of 70:30, respectively. The casein portion is divided into three subgroups: α,β and κ casein. Whey proteins are divided into six major subgroups: α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin; lactoferrin; serum-albumin; lysozyme, and immunoglobulins A, G, and M. Numerous nonprotein nitrogen substances including taurine exist as well. Protein Availability Protein concentration of breast milk is approximately 1.2 g/dL when measured as total nitrogen. Nearly 25% of this is nonprotein nitrogen, much of which may not be used for nutritional purposes.

Heat Inactivation of Bile Salt-Stimulated Lipase Activity in Human Milk and Colostrum1

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-527
Author(s):  
S. H. L. PAN ◽  
C. W. DILL ◽  
E. S. ALFORD ◽  
R. L. RICHTER ◽  
C. GARZA
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Ph Stat

Time-temperature relationships for heat-inactivation of bile salt-stimulated lipase activity in human milk and colostrum were systematically measured using a pH-stat assay procedure with triolein as substrate. The enzyme was not affected in either menstruum at 45°C for 40 min. The enzyme was destroyed almost instantaneously at 60°C, and was slightly more heat-sensitive in colostrum than in milk. The bile salt-stimulated lipase(s) in human milk was more heat sensitive than lipase in bovine milk.

Bovine milk fortifiers and fortified pasteurized donor human milk for premature infant nutrition. Peptidomic overview

LWT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 110037
Author(s):  
Valentina Pica ◽  
Milda Stuknytė ◽  
Fabio Masotti ◽  
Ivano De Noni ◽  
Stefano Cattaneo
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Donor Human Milk

scholarly journals Glucose Regulatory Hormones in Camel, Cow, Goat, and Human Milk (P06-034-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Almohmadi ◽  
Jonathan Allen
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Insulin ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Medical Food

Abstract Objectives Diabetes Mellitus is globally predicted to affect 592 million people by 2035 with the greatest rates of increase in low and middle income countries. Various plant and animal foods are being tested as alternatives to medication to control blood glucose. Regular consumption of milk from camels has had a positive anti-diabetic effect in both type 1 and type 2 diabetics. Epidemiological studies, research in diabetic rat and mouse model systems, and clinical studies in diabetic patients support the anti-diabetic effects of camel milk, but the mechanism of action is unclear. This study investigated hormones that impact glucose metabolism in humans from milks from different species and their stability with pasteurization. We tested hypotheses in the literature that camel milk antidiabetic properties are due to a high content of insulin or insulinotropic hormones. Methods Five milk samples: Human, Bovine, Goat, and Camel from two different farms were analyzed with a multiplex panel for hormones that impact glucose metabolism in humans. Immunoreactivity to human Insulin, C-peptide, Glucagon, Ghrelin, Leptin, GIP, GLP-1, Resistin, Visfatin, and PAI-1 (total) were determined with a multiplex assay (Biorad Bioplex diabetes panel) using a Magpix analyzer. Results Insulin immunoreactivity was present in both human and goat milk at approximately 200 pg/mL. Both camel samples were below the range of detection with this anti-human insulin antibody; but 5 pg/mL of insulin was detected in bovine milk. GIP was detected in all milks but was highest in human milk. Camel milk had higher immunoreactivity to resistin, visfatin, and ghrelin than goat or bovine milk. GLP-1 and leptin were only detected in human milk. Neither HTST nor Holder pasteurization significantly reduced the immunoreactivity of these hormones in milk. Conclusions Although literature suggests camel milk is an effective medical food for diabetics, we did not find high insulin concentration in camel milk. The hypoglycemic effect of camel milk might be due to other components of camel milk. Assays using different antibodies or insulin receptors might show different results. The insulin concentration in goat milk suggests that this product should be tested as a medical food for glucose control. Funding Sources NIFA; NCSU; Saudi Cultural Mission.

Intestinal absorption of zinc: a role for a zinc-binding ligand in milk.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (5) ◽  
pp. E556
Author(s):  
J R Duncan ◽  
L S Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Zinc Binding ◽  
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Old Rats

This study examined the proposal that a low molecular weight, zinc-binding ligand (ZBL) in certain milks is important for zinc absorption in the neonatal period. Ten-day-old rats, in which intestinal ZBL is absent, fed (by stomach intubation) 65Zn-labeled ZBL from rat milk, absorbed significantly more 65Zn than those fed free 65ZnCl2 or bovine milk fractions. ZBL from human milk appeared to have an intermediate effect, possibly due to species specificity. 65Zn was found in the ZBL fraction in intestinal mucosa of 10-day-old rats fed rat or human milk fractions, but not in those fed bovine milk or free 65ZnCl2. In contrast, in 18-day-old rats, which have an endogenous intestinal ZBL, there were no differences in zinc absorption, and any of the labeled milk fractions or free 65Zn caused localization of 65Zn in the ZBL fraction of intestinal mucosa. These results support the hypothesis that the intestinal ZBL plays a role in zinc absorption and that in the neonatal period before its development the milk ZBL is valuable for this function. This mechanism may be important in normal human infants as well as in acrodermatitis enteropathica patients.

Short-term effects of dietary bovine milk on fatty acid composition of human milk: A preliminary multi-analytical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 1154 ◽  
pp. 122189
Author(s):  
Adele Cutignano ◽  
Francesco Siano ◽  
Raffaele Romano ◽  
Alessandra Aiello ◽  
Fabiana Pizzolongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effects

scholarly journals Comparison of Oxidative Status of Human Milk, Human Milk Fortifiers and Preterm Infant Formulas

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pozzo ◽  
Cirrincione ◽  
Russo ◽  
Karamać ◽  
Amarowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Multivariate Statistical

Preterm and low birth weight infants require specific nutrition to overcome the accumulated growth deficit, and to prevent morbidities related to postnatal growth failure. In order to guarantee an adequate nutrient-intake, mother’s own milk, when available, or donor human milk, are usually fortified with additional nutrients, in particular proteins. Fortification with processed ingredients may result in additional intake in oxidative compounds, deriving from extensive heat treatments, that are applied during processing. The aim of the present work was to compare the in vitro antioxidant activity and oxidative compound content conveyed by different preterm infant foods and fortifiers, namely raw and pasteurized human milk, two different preterm infant formulas, three bovine milk-based fortifiers and two experimental donkey milk-based fortifiers. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses revealed significant differences between the different products. The use of human milk minimizes the intake of dietary oxidative compound in comparison to infant formulas, irrespective of pasteurization or fortification, especially as far as malondialdehyde content is concerned. The addition of fortifiers to human milk increases its antioxidant capacity, and the choice of the protein source (hydrolysed vs. whole proteins) differently impacted the resulting total antioxidant capacity of the diet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document