Significance of the Salt Level in Food for Infants and Children1

2015 ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
W. Droese ◽  
Helga Stolley ◽  
C. and Schlage ◽  
Birgit Wortberg
Keyword(s):  
Salt Level

Effect of Salt Level and Nitrite on Toxin Production by Clostridium botulinum Type E Spores in Smoked Great Lakes Whitefish1

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. CUPPETT ◽  
J. I. GRAY ◽  
J. J. PESTKA ◽  
A. M. BOOREN ◽  
J. F. PRICE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum Type E ◽  
Average Water

The effect of salt level and nitrite on botulinal safety of smoked whitefish was investigated. An average water-phase (wp) salt concentration of 4.4% inhibited outgrowth of Clostridium botulinum type E spores (103 spores/g) for over 35 d in temperature-abused (27°C) smoked whitefish. Incorporation of nitrite (220 mg/kg) during brining to the smoked salted (4.4%, wp) whitefish inhibited toxin production for 56 d at 27°C. An average salt concentration of 6.2% (wp), with or without nitrite, totally inhibited toxin production for the duration of the study (83 d). The effect of pH and water activity in temperature-abused smoked whitefish as a means of controlling toxin production by C. botulinum type E spores was evaluated.

Effect of Salt Concentration and Incubation Temperature on Formation of Histamine, Phenethylamine, Tryptamine and Tyramine During Miso Fermentation

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-D. HENRY CHIN ◽  
P. E. KOEHLER
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Soybean Paste ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Two Factors

Two factors, salt concentration and incubation temperature, were examined for their effect on the formation of histamine, phenethylamine, tryptamine and tyramine during miso (soybean paste) fermentation. Misos containing 5 and 10% NaCl were prepared and incubated at 25 and 35°C. The effect of each factor was determined from the chemical and microbiological changes in the misos during fermentation. Salt level was a significant factor in the formation of amines. Higher amine levels were found in low-salt (5% NaCl) formulations than in high-salt (10% NaCl) misos. Incubation temperature within the range of 25 to 35°C during fermentation had little effect on amine formation in misos.

scholarly journals Inflammatory role of high salt level in tumor microenvironment (Review)

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1477-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suneetha Amara ◽  
Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Salt Level

scholarly journals The effect of growing media and concentration of nutrient solution on growth, flowering and macroelement content of media and leaves of Tymophylla tenuiloba Small

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Joanna Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Total Soluble Salt ◽  
Mineral Element Content

Effects of growing media and concentration of nutrient solution on growth, flowering, evapotranspiration and macroelement content of media and leaves of Tymophylla tenuiloba were evaluated under ebb-and-flow conditions. Two media: peat and peat + perlite (3:l, v/v), and four concentrations of nutrient solution: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mS cm<sup>-1</sup> were applied. High quality plants were produced in both media and all concentration of nutrient solution. The lowest evapotranspiration was measured at the highest concentration of nutrient solution. N concentration of leaves was high in all treatments. Concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg decreased with increasing concentration of nutrient solution. Opposite was found for P. At the end of cultivation the lowest pH was measured in the upper layer of growing media. The highest total soluble salt level was measured in the upper layers. Upper layers accumulated more N-NO<sub>3</sub>, P, Ca, and Mg. Mineral element content of both media was high in all concentrations of nutrient solution. Low concentration of nutrient solution at 1.0 mS cm<sup>-1</sup> is recommended, although <sup>-1<i>Tymophylla tenuiloba<sup>-1</i> can be also cultivated at higher concentrations of nutrient solution up to 2.5mS cm<sup>-1</sup>, if placed on the same bench with other bedding plants requiring more nutrients.

scholarly journals Influence of Maternal Habitat on Salinity Tolerance of Zygophyllum coccineum with Regard to Seed Germination and Growth Parameters

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1504
Author(s):  
Elsayed Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed M. M. A. Kasem ◽  
Adil A. Gobouri ◽  
Amr Elkelish ◽  
Ehab Azab
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Saline Habitats

Zygophyllum coccineum is a facultative halophyte widely distributed in desert wadis and coastal areas in Egypt. Here, we investigated the influences of maternal habitat on tolerance to salt stress during germination and seedling growth under salinity (0, 100, 200, 400 mM NaCl) of three populations of Z. coccineum from a saline habitat (Manzala coast) and non-saline habitats (Wadi Houf and Wadi Asyuti). In all populations, seed germination started within two days in distilled water but germination indices were reduced significantly with salt level increase. Germination percentage was not significantly greater for seeds from non-saline habitats than for those from the saline habitat under moderate salinity (100, 200 mM NaCl), but only seeds from the saline habitat were able to germinate under high salt stress (400 mM NaCl). Germination recovery was greater for seeds from the saline habitat compared to non-saline populations. At the seedling level, the Manzala population showed the lowest inhibition of shoot length and leaf area under salinity (200 and 400 mM NaCl) compared to non-saline habitats. In the same context, the Manzala population had the maximum chlorophyll a content, superoxide dismutase and esterase activities under salinity compared to non-saline populations, but salinity had a non-significant effect on chlorophyll b between the three populations. Carotenoids were enhanced with the increase of salt levels in all populations. These results suggest the salt tolerance of Manzala population is derived from maternal salinity and adaptive plasticity of this species may play an important role in the wide distribution of Z. coccineum.

scholarly journals Growth and Physiological Responses ofPhaseolusSpecies to Salinity Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Bayuelo-Jiménez ◽  
N. Jasso-Plata ◽  
I. Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Carbohydrate Accumulation ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Salt Level

This paper reports the changes on growth, photosynthesis, water relations, soluble carbohydrate, and ion accumulation, for two salt-tolerant and two salt-sensitivePhaseolusspecies grown under increasing salinity (0, 60 and 90 mM NaCl). After 20 days exposure to salt, biomass was reduced in all species to a similar extent (about 56%), with the effect of salinity on relative growth rate (RGR) confined largely to the first week. RGR of salt-tolerant species was reduced by salinity due to leaf area ratio (LAR) reduction rather than a decline in photosynthetic capacity, whereas unit leaf rate and LAR were the key factors in determining RGR on salt-sensitive species. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance decreased gradually with salinity, showing significant reductions only in salt-sensitive species at the highest salt level. There was little difference between species in the effect of salinity on water relations, as indicated by their positive turgor. Osmotic adjustment occurred in all species and depended on higher K+, Na+, and Cl−accumulation. Despite some changes in soluble carbohydrate accumulation induced by salt stress, no consistent contributions in osmotic adjustment could be found in this study. Therefore, we suggest that tolerance to salt stress is largely unrelated to carbohydrate accumulation inPhaseolusspecies.

Effects of Dietary Salt Level during Gestation and Lactation on Reproductive Performance of Sows:a Cooperative Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Cromwell ◽  
D. D. Hall ◽  
G. E. Combs ◽  
O. M. Hale ◽  
D. L. Handlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Cooperative Study ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Salt Level

Optimum Level of Salt in French-Type Bread. Influence of Income Status, Salt Level in Daily Bread Consumption, and Test Location

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. S392-S397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sosa ◽  
A. Flores ◽  
G. Hough ◽  
N. Apro ◽  
V. Ferreyra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Level ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Test Location ◽  
Salt Level
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