Lymphoreticular Malignant Neoplasms in South African Races Mortality and Morbidity Studies

Cancer, an uncontrollable growth of cells, is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Malignant neoplasms are difficult to treat diseases because of their single in kind characteristics such as tissue invasion, metastasis, evading reticuloendothelial system (RES) and so forth. In recent decade polymeric nanoparticulate systems has gained special attention in drug delivery and targeting among all biocompatible nanoforms. Among these systems, chitosan-based hydrogel nanoparticles have been wildly utilized for drug delivery purposes. The usage of chitosan nanogels in cancer therapy significantly improved in recent years. The various cancers were the target of chitosan nanogels. Also, modification of other delivery systems with chitosan were much reported. The aim of this study is the review and update of the recent studies on chitosan nanogels applications in cancer therapy by focus on cancer based classification.

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Experiences of community caregivers in the assessment of malnutrition using mid-upper arm circumference measurement in children under 5 years old

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine ◽

10.4102/phcfm.v10i1.1743 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabisile P. Ndlovu ◽

Dudu G. Sokhela ◽

Maureen N. Sibiya

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Multiple Roles ◽

Upper Arm ◽

African Government ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Health Care Clinics ◽

Arm Circumference ◽

Public Health Challenge ◽

Mid Upper Arm Circumference ◽

Children Under 5

Background: Malnutrition is a major public health challenge in developing countries. It has been identified as an important cause of child mortality and morbidity and leads to inadequate physical and cognitive development in children. The South African government implemented a strategy for malnutrition assessment in children under 5 years by community caregivers (CCGs), who would then refer children at risk or those having developed malnutrition to primary health care clinics. Irrespective of this strategy, children still present at clinics with severe malnutrition.Aim: The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of community caregivers with the assessment of malnutrition in children under 5 years old.Setting: The study was conducted in North Area six of eThekwini district in the province of KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: A qualitative, exploratory descriptive approach was used to collect data from 13 purposively selected CCGs. Content analysis was used to analyse data.Results: The majority of participants were dissatisfied with the training, as it was conducted in a language in which they were not proficient. They reported a lack of support and supervision in their performance such that mid-upper arm circumference was non-prioritised. They were dissatisfied with work overload not matched by remuneration and they worked under unsafe conditions.Conclusion: Effective training of CCGs needs to be conducted in the language that they understand to combat malnutrition in children under 5 years. CCGs have multiple roles and may need to prioritise their work; this is not easy and requires specific guidance from skilled health professionals.

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Cell-adhesion molecules as key mechanisms of tumor invasion: the case of breast cancer

Current Molecular Medicine ◽

10.2174/1566524021666210806155231 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Carla Luís ◽

Raquel Soares ◽

Rúben Fernandes ◽

Mónica Botelho

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cell Adhesion ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Adhesion Molecules ◽

Cell Adhesion Molecules ◽

Tumor Invasion ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Major Health ◽

Mortality And Morbidity

: Cancer is a major health problem worldwide and the second leading cause of death only overcome by cardiovascular diseases. Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women and one of the most common malignant neoplasms prompt to metastatic disease. In the present review, the mechanisms of the major cell adhesion molecules involved in tumor invasion are discussed, focusing in the case of breast cancer. A non-systematic updated revision of the literature was performed in order to assemble information regarding the expression of the adhesion cell molecules associated with metastasis.

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Derived neutrophil by lymphocytes ratio is a misnomer, implication of derived leucocytes ratio in diagnosing gastric cancers

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20185187 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Naveen P. G. ◽

K. Veena L. Karanth

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Gastric Cancers ◽

Upper Gi Endoscopy ◽

Gastric Cancer Patients ◽

Gastric Malignancy ◽

Significant Mortality

Background: Gastric malignant neoplasms are well-known common malignant disease seen in routine clinical practice. In India incidence are comparatively low but accounts for significant mortality and morbidity. Gastric malignancy incidence adds significant numbers every year to cancer related deaths worldwide. And prognosis is not satisfactory in spite of medical innovations and technological advancements. Early diagnosis helps for successful surgical removal of gastric cancer and to achieve a curative resections. Present study objectives are to solve the paradox of misnomer derived neutrophil by lymphocyte ratio and to evaluate statistical differences of blood leucocyte parameters in patients with gastric malignancies as compared to control cases and its application as screening markers in diagnosing gastric cancers.Methods: Hundred cases of gastric malignancy and hundred controls-age, gender matched to cases without malignancy or infection were included. Both groups evaluated with routine complete blood count and upper GI endoscopy reports, Data regarding WBC counts, neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils were noted and Derived Leucocytes Ratio (DLR) were calculated and compared to look for statistical differences.Results: Hematological leucocyte parameters revealed statistical differences in gastric cancer patients in comparison to controls. Neutrophils were increased and lymphocytes decreased with elevated DLR levels.Conclusions: Leucocyte parameters like neutrophils and lymphocytes shows varying trends in gastric cancer and elevated derived leucocytes ratio can be utilized as a screening marker in Gastric cancers.

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To Study the causes of Industrial Sickness in Nanded District (Maharashtra)

Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

10.21922/srjis.v4i37.10664 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (37) ◽

Author(s):

Balaji S. Mudholkar

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Recent Decade ◽

Reticuloendothelial System ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Tissue Invasion ◽

The World ◽

Causes Of Mortality ◽

Nanoparticulate Systems

Cancer, an uncontrollable growth of cells, is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Malignant neoplasms are difficult to treat diseases because of their single in kind characteristics such as tissue invasion, metastasis, evading reticuloendothelial system (RES) and so forth. In recent decade polymeric nanoparticulate systems has gained special attention in drug delivery and targeting among all biocompatible nanoforms. Among these systems, chitosan-based hydrogel nanoparticles have been wildly utilized for drug delivery purposes. The usage of chitosan nanogels in cancer therapy significantly improved in recent years. The various cancers were the target of chitosan nanogels. Also, modification of other delivery systems with chitosan were much reported. The aim of this study is the review and update of the recent studies on chitosan nanogels applications in cancer therapy by focus on cancer based classification.

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Early life risk exposure and stunting in urban South African 2-year old children

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174417000034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 301-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. Slemming ◽

J. Kagura ◽

H. Saloojee ◽

L. M. Richter

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

South African ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Health Concern ◽

Risk Exposure ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Urban South

Stunting is a measure of overall nutritional status and is a major public health concern because of its association with child mortality and morbidity and later adult performance. This study examined the effects of pregnancy events, birth characteristics and infant risk exposure on stunting at age 2 years. The study, established in 1990 in Soweto, an urban South African township, included 1098 mother–infant pairs enroled in the Birth to Twenty Plus longitudinal birth cohort study. In total, 22% of children were stunted at age 2 years, with males at greater risk than females [24.8 v. 19.4%, odds ratio (OR)=1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.83]. In unadjusted analysis, male sex, household socio-economic status (SES), overcrowding, maternal age, maternal education, single motherhood, ethnicity, birth weight, gestational age and duration of infant breastfeeding were all significantly associated with stunting. In multivariable analysis, higher birth weight was protective against stunting for both sexes. Higher maternal education was protective for females only (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.35; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.87), whereas wealthier household SES protected males (AOR for richest SES group=0.39; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.92). In this and other similar settings, current stunting prevention efforts focussing on primarily providing targeted proximal interventions, such as food supplements, risk undermining the critical importance of addressing key distal determinants of stunting such as SES and maternal education.

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Injustice to transsexual women in a hetero-normatie healthcare system

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine ◽

10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.574 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Douglas Newman-Valentine ◽

Sinegugu Duma

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Healthcare System ◽

English Language ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Health Problems ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Poor Access ◽

Current Context ◽

Cardio Vascular ◽

Ebsco Host

Background: Transsexual women who are on the journey of sexual re-alignment will experience various health problems. These problems are related directly to the treatment regime that they are following in order to attain and maintain their physical embodiment as a woman. They are forced to negotiate a hetero-normative healthcare system in order to receive assistance and care for their health problems related to their sexual re-alignment process.Aim: The questions posed were: What are the unique health problems that transsexual women experience whilst on the journey of sexual re-alignment? What is the current context of the South African healthcare system in which transsexual women should negotiate healthcare? These questions were asked in order to explore the health problems with which transsexual women are faced and to describe the hetero-normative healthcare system in South Africa.Method: An electronic literature search was executed via the EBSCO host with specifi inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search words that were used were: Transsexual/s and Health/Healthcare. All studies had to be peer reviewed and published in the English language, from January 1972 up until February 2013. Literature on transsexual children was excluded.Results: Transsexual women have the potential to suffer signifiant side-effects from their sexual re-alignment treatment, including cardio-vascular problems, endocrine problems and mental ill-health. They are also vulnerable to HIV infection. They have poor access to quality holistic healthcare and this may lead an increase in the mortality and morbidity fiures of women.Conclusion: A hetero-normative healthcare system has a negative impact on the health of transsexual women and will cause them to be marginalised. This could contribute to both homoand trans-phobia that will in turn strengthen the belief that transsexual women are un-African.

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The Three-dimensional structure of frozen-hydrated nudaurelia capensis β virus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100127682 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 650-651

Author(s):

N. H. Olson ◽

T. S. Baker ◽

Wu Bo Mu ◽

J. E. Johnson ◽

D. A. Hendry

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Carbon Film ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Electron Dose ◽

Total Electron ◽

Three Dimensional Structure ◽

Negative Stain ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction

Nudaurelia capensis β virus (NβV) is an RNA virus of the South African Pine Emperor moth, Nudaurelia cytherea capensis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). The NβV capsid is a T = 4 icosahedron that contains 60T = 240 subunits of the coat protein (Mr = 61,000). A three-dimensional reconstruction of the NβV capsid was previously computed from visions embedded in negative stain suspended over holes in a carbon film. We have re-examined the three-dimensional structure of NβV, using cryo-microscopy to examine the native, unstained structure of the virion and to provide a initial phasing model for high-resolution x-ray crystallographic studiesNβV was purified and prepared for cryo-microscopy as described. Micrographs were recorded ∼1 - 2 μm underfocus at a magnification of 49,000X with a total electron dose of about 1800 e-/nm2.

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