The Bayonet Tube and the Intestinal Villus

2015 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
C. E. Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Villus

Bitter taste receptor mTas2r105 is expressed in small intestinal villus and crypts

2015 ◽  
Vol 463 (4) ◽  
pp. 934-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Gu ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jie Liang ◽  
Jiaying Chen ◽  
Fuxue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Bitter Taste Receptor ◽  
Intestinal Villus ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Small Intestinal Villus

scholarly journals Yersinia pseudotuberculosis induces transcytosis of nanoparticles across human intestinal villus epithelium via invasin-dependent macropinocytosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1215-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva G E Ragnarsson ◽  
Ida Schoultz ◽  
Elisabet Gullberg ◽  
Anders H Carlsson ◽  
Farideh Tafazoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Intestinal Villus

scholarly journals Transient changes of transforming growth factor-β expression in the small intestine of the pig in association with weaning

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Mei ◽  
Ruo-Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Intestinal Villus ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Tgf Β1

It is well known that early weaning causes marked changes in intestinal structure and function, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is believed to play an important regulatory role in post-weaning adaptation of the small intestine. The present study examined the distribution and expression intensity of TGF-β in the small intestinal mucosa of pre- and post-weaning pigs using a specific immunostaining technique and Western blot analysis. The level of TGF-β in the intestinal mucosa, as estimated by Western blot analysis, did not change significantly during weaning. However, when examined by the immunostaining technique, TGF-β1 (one of the TGF-β isoforms dominantly expressed in the tissue) at the intestinal villus epithelium, particularly at the apical membrane of the epithelium, decreased significantly 4 d after weaning, while the staining intensity increased significantly at the intestinal crypts compared with that in pre-weaning pigs. These changes were transient, with the immunostaining intensity for TGF-β1 at the intestinal villi and the crypts returning to the pre-weaning level by 8 d post-weaning. The transient decrease in TGF-β1 level at the intestinal villus epithelium was associated with obvious intestinal villus atrophy and marked reduction of mucosal digestive enzyme activities. Furthermore, the number of leucocytes staining positively for TGF-β1 increased significantly in the pig intestinal lamina propria 4 d after weaning. These findings strongly suggest that TGF-β plays an important role in the post-weaning adaptation process in the intestine of the pig.

scholarly journals Synthesis of membrane glycoproteins in rat small-intestinal villus cells. Redistribution of l-[1,5,6-3H]-fucose-labelled membrane glycoproteins among Golgi, lateral basal and microvillus membranes in vivo

1979 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Quaroni ◽  
Katharina Kirsch ◽  
Milton M. Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Membrane Fraction ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Intestinal Villus ◽  
Microvillus Membrane ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Small Intestinal Villus

The biogenesis of plasmalemma glycoproteins of rat small-intestinal villus cells was studied by following the incorporation of l-[1,5,6-3H]fucose, given intraperitoneally with and without chase, into Golgi, lateral basal and microvillus membranes. Each membrane fraction showed distinct kinetics of incorporation of labelled fucose and was differently affected by the chase, which produced a much greater decrease in incorporation of label into Golgi and microvillus than into lateral basal membranes. The kinetic data suggest a redistribution of newly synthesized glycoproteins from the site of fucosylation, the Golgi complex, directly into both lateral basal and microvillus membranes. The observed biphasic pattern of label incorporation into the microvillus membrane fraction may be evidence for a second indirect route of incorporation. The selective effect of the chase suggests the presence of two different pools of radioactive fucose in the Golgi complex that differ in (1) their accessibility to dilution with non-radioactive fucose, and (2) their utilization for the biosynthesis of membrane glycoproteins subsequently destined for either the microvillus or the lateral basal parts of the plasmalemma. The radioactively labelled glycoproteins of the different membrane fractions were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-slab-gel electrophoresis and identified by fluorography. The patterns of labelled glycoproteins in Golgi and lateral basal membranes were identical at all times. At least 14 bands could be identified shortly after radioactive-fucose injection. Most seemed to disappear at later times, although one of them, which was never observed in microvillus membranes, increased in relative intensity. All but two of the labelled glycoproteins present in the microvillus membrane corresponded to those observed in Golgi and lateral basal membranes shortly after fucose injection. The patterns of labelled glycoproteins in all membrane fractions were little affected by the chase. These data support a flow concept for the insertion of most surface-membrane glycoproteins of the intestinal villus cells.

Basolateral impalement of intestinal villus cells: electrophysiology of Cl- transport

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (5) ◽  
pp. C1022-C1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. White ◽  
D. Ellingsen
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Intestinal Villus ◽  
Cl Transport ◽  
Conductive Pathway ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Tip Cells

A method of dissecting the serosal muscle layers is described that transforms the villus of isolated Amphiuma small intestine into a flat sheet one cell layer thick, allowing rapid equilibration of the serosal medium with the basolateral membrane of the villus tip cells and direct access of the basal membrane to microelectrodes. The "villus sheet" preparation was used to examine the luminal and basolateral mechanisms of Cl- transport. The serosal membrane potential (Vs), measured with conventional microelectrodes, averaged -79.7 mV in tissues bathed in Cl- -free medium; the mucosal membrane potential (Vm) averaged -80.9 mV. Fractional resistance measured directly was 0.82 and 0.14 for the mucosal and serosal membranes, respectively. Elevation of bath [K] reduced Vm and Vs by 30.3 and 44.5 mV, respectively. Cl- (20 mM) added to the luminal medium reduced Vm by 23.9 mV and stimulated Cl- transport; luminal addition of furosemide then increased Vm by 5.6 mV and reduced Cl- transport. Addition of Cl- (20 mM) to the Cl- -free serosal fluid increased Vs 2.0 +/- 1.9 mV. On reducing the serosal [Cl] 10-fold Vs decreased 2.0 +/- 2.2 mV. These and other results indicate that basolateral Cl- exit is not over a conductive pathway. The villus sheet affords new opportunities for studying enterocyte function in the intact mucosa.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota regulates lacteal integrity by inducing VEGF‐C in intestinal villus macrophages

EMBO Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Heon Suh ◽  
Kibaek Choe ◽  
Seon Pyo Hong ◽  
Seung‐hwan Jeong ◽  
Taija Mäkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Villus

Regulation of ethanolamine and choline phosphatide biosynthesis in isolated rat intestinal villus cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. A. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Phospholipid Synthesis ◽  
Intestinal Villus ◽  
Maximal Stimulation ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Isolated Rat

The effects of ethanolamine, choline, and different fatty acids on phospholipid synthesis via the CDP-ester pathways were studied in isolated rat intestinal villus cells. The incorporation of [14C]glucose into phosphatidylethanolamine was stimulated severalfold by the addition of ethanolamine and long-chained unsaturated fatty acids, while the addition of lauric acid inhibited the incorporation of radioactivity into phosphatidylethanolamine. At concentrations of ethanolamine higher than 0.2 mM, phosphoethanolamine accumulated, but the concentration of CDP-ethanolamine and the incorporation of radioactivity into phosphatidylethanolamine did not increase further. The incorporation of [14C]glucose into phosphatidylcholine responded in a way similar to that of phosphatidylethanolamine, except that a 10-fold higher concentration of choline was required for maximal stimulation. CCC inhibited the incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine. In contrast with hepatocytes, villus cells did not form phosphatidylcholine via phospholipid N-methylation. The data indicate that, in intestinal villus cells, the cytidylyltransferase reactions are rate limiting in the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine and probably also of phosphatidylcholine. The availability of diacylglycerol and its fatty acid composition may also significantly affect the rate of phospholipid synthesis.

An electron microscopic study of the central lacteal in the intestinal villus of the cat

1962 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Papp ◽  
P. R�hlich ◽  
I. Ruszny�k ◽  
I. T�r�
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Intestinal Villus ◽  
Electron Microscopic

Physiological Stimulation of Constitutive Nitric Oxide Uniquely Regulates NA-Glucose Co-Transport in Rabbit Intestinal Villus Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. S272
Author(s):  
Balasubramanian Palaniappan ◽  
Subha Arthur ◽  
Soudamani Singh ◽  
Uma Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Intestinal Villus ◽  
Stimulation Of
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