The Influence of Galvanic Current on the Electroretinogram of the Myopic Eye

2015 ◽  
pp. 444-450
Author(s):  
St. Aladjov ◽  
V. Denev ◽  
G. Penov ◽  
N. Todorov
Keyword(s):  
Galvanic Current

III. An experimental determination of the velocity of sound

1872 ◽  
Vol 20 (130-138) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
The Other ◽  
Velocity Of Sound ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Single Wire ◽  
Galvanic Current ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
Port Elizabeth

A galvanic current passes from the batteries at the Royal Observatory, Cape Town, at 1 o’clock, and discharges a gun at the Castle, and through relays drops a time-ball at Port Elizabeth. It appeared to the author that a valuable determination of the velocity of sound might be obtained by measuring upon the chronograph of the Observatory the interval between the time of the sound reaching some point near the gun and that of its arrival at the Observatory. As there is only a single wire between the Observatory and Cape Town, some little difficulty was experienced in making the necessary arrangements, without any interference with the 1 o’clock current to Port Elizabeth; but this difficulty was overcome by a plan which the author describes, and which was brought into successful operation on Feb. 27, 1871. The experiments could not have been carried out, on account of the encroachment they would have made on the time of the Observatory staff, had it not been for the assistance of J. Den, Esq., the acting manager of the Cape Telegraph Company, to whom the author is indebted for the preparation of a good earth-connexion near the gun, for permission to Mr. Kirby, a gentleman attached to the telegraph office, to assist in the experiments, and for a general superintendence of the arrangements at Cape Town. The observed times of hearing the sound were recorded on the chronograph by two observers, situated one (Mr. Kirby) at a distance of 641 feet from the gun, the other (Mr. Mann) at the Observatory, at a distance of 15,449 feet from the gun. The former distance was sufficient to allow the connexion of the main wire to be broken at the telegraph office after the gun had been fired, but before the sound reached the first observer.

Generation and transit pathway of H+ is critical for inhibition of palmar sweating by iontophoresis in water

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 2258-2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sato ◽  
D. E. Timm ◽  
F. Sato ◽  
E. A. Templeton ◽  
D. S. Meletiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Galvanic Current ◽  
Silicone Grease ◽  
Secretory Coil ◽  
Cathodal Current ◽  
Palmar Sweating

Passing galvanic current across the skin (known as "tap water iontophoresis" or TWI) inhibits sweating; however, its mechanism of action is unclear. Using improved methods, we confirmed that anodal current has more of an inhibitory effect than cathodal current, water is superior to saline, and the inhibitory effect is a function of the amperage used. To address the importance of current flowing through the pores, a layer of silicone grease was placed on the skin to reduce the shunt pathway across the epidermis. With silicone, total skin conductance decreased 60% without the sweat pores being occluded, swelling of the stratum corneum and collapse of the poral lumen was prevented, and current-induced inhibition of sweating was enhanced, most likely because of an increase in current density in the pores. The pH of anodal water, but not of saline, dropped to 3, whereas that of cathodal water increased to 10 during passage of current through the skin. Acidified anodal water was superior to alkaline water. Sweat glands isolated from TWI-induced anhidrotic palmar skin responded to methacholine in vitro, but the sweat rate and pharmacological sensitivity were slightly lowered. Thus the strong acidity generated by hydrolysis of water in the anodal bath and the further accumulation of H+ in the sweat duct by anodal current may be responsible for TWI-induced inhibition of sweating due to an unknown lesion(s) in the duct or sweat pore. The secretory coil function may also be altered because of exposure to intense acidity during TWI. The importance of H+ movement into the sweat pore for inhibition of sweating could be further exploited to develop new strategies for the control of sweating.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Electrochemical Treatment of Chloride Contaminated Mortar Containing GGBS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Hong Lee ◽  
Young Hee Jung ◽  
Jun Pil Hwang ◽  
Jong Sung Sim
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Galvanic Current ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Binder Type ◽  
Superior Corrosion Resistance

The present study concerns the influence of cementitious binder on electrochemical treatment of steel embedded in salt contaminated mortar. As binder, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used and the current density of 250–750 mA/m2 was applied for 4 weeks to complete electrochemical chloride extraction. To evaluate the effect of electrochemical treatment the chloride profile and corrosion behaviour covering chloride concentration, galvanic current density, linear polarization resistance, open circuit potential, and mass loss were measured. An increase in the applied direct current density resulted in a decrease in the chloride concentration at the vicinity of steel, accompanying the mitigated corrosion damage. The performance of electrochemical treatment was more remarkable in mortar containing GGBS presumably due to binding mechanism. However, corrosion damage was more detrimental in GGBS rather than OPC at a given potential, while GGBS had superior corrosion resistance to a corrosive environment and treatment conditions. Therefore, the electrochemical treatment should be conducted prudently to evaluate the corrosion state of embedded steel depending on binder type.

scholarly journals ELECTRICAL CONTROL OF RHIZOID FORMATION IN THE RED ALGA, GRIFFITHSIA BORNETIANA

1934 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Red Alga ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Galvanic Current ◽  
Electrical Control ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Bodies ◽  
Bright Pink ◽  
Rhizoid Formation

1. Direct galvanic current of 10 to 40 microamperes per square millimeter of cross-section of medium results in anodal determination of rhizoid origin in the differentiated cells of the red alga Griffithsia bornetiana. The current is most effective near the upper end of the range. 2. Within the range used there is an increase in the number of rhizoids produced with increase in current intensity and a decrease in size of rhizoids. 3. Currents of lower intensity require a longer time to produce these effects than comparatively high currents. 4. The orientation of the plants in the electrical field seems to affect the number of rhizoids produced, in that plants with apexes toward the anode produce more rhizoids. 5. Together with anodal rhizoid determination there is migration of chromatophores toward the anodal side of each cell. 6. Displacement of chromatophores (and other cytoplasmic bodies) by the centrifuge does not affect the point of rhizoid origin, but does affect the shoots. 7. Together with anodal determination of rhizoids the algal filaments become graded in color, from bright pink toward the cathode to pale tan toward the anode. 8. Evidence is presented to show that this is not due to a pH change, but to a loss of pigment by chromatophores toward the anode and electrophoresis of the pigment toward the cathode. 9. In conclusion the probability is pointed out that the current acts in morphogenesis by moving particles of different charge.

scholarly journals Galvanic coupling effects for module-mounting elements of ground-mounted photovoltaic power station

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Boguslaw Pierozynski ◽  
Henryk Bialy
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Coupling Effects ◽  
Galvanic Coupling ◽  
Galvanic Current ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Galvanic Cells

Abstract This communication reports on the concerns associated with possible generation of galvanic coupling effects for construction materials that are used to manufacture mounting assemblies for ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) power stations. For this purpose, six macro-corrosion galvanic cells were assembled, including: hot-dip Zn/Magnelis®-coated steel/Al and stainless steel (SS)/Al cells. Corrosion experiments involved continuous, ca. three-month exposure of these couplings in 3 wt.% NaCl solution, conducted at room temperature for a stable pH value of around 8. All corrosion cells were subjected to regular assessment of galvanic current-density and potential parameters, where special consideration was given to compare the corrosion behaviour of Zn-coated steel samples with that of Magnelis®-coated electrodes. Characterization of surface condition and elemental composition for examined materials was carried-out by means of SEM and EDX spectroscopy techniques.

Laboratory Investigation of Current Distribution On Brass Tube Plates and Tube Ends of Condensers Using Sea Water

CORROSION ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 8t-10t ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. ATTWOOD ◽  
W. G. RICHARDS
Keyword(s):  
Current Distribution ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Zinc Alloy ◽  
Tube Sheet ◽  
Condenser Tube ◽  
Galvanic Current ◽  
Brass Tube ◽  
Dynamic Experiments ◽  
Velocity Effect

Abstract Static and dynamic experiments were made on brass tube plates and tube ends of condensers to determine the current distribution on them in sea water. Factors evaluated in this connection include effect of water velocity, effect of coatings, effect of temperature, and effect of composition of the anode and tube materials. It was found that most of the galvanic current flowing from ferrous components (or a steel anode) to a non-ferrous condenser tube sheet flowed to the tubes with only a small proportion going to the tube plate. A zinc alloy anode provided a much higher current than a steel anode to both an Admiralty brass tube and an aluminum brass tube. 7.4.2, 3.6.6, 4.6.11, 5.2.1

Relaxation of the pulsed opto-galvanic current signal in a helium positive column

1985 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yasuda ◽  
N. Sokabe ◽  
A. Murai
Keyword(s):  
Positive Column ◽  
Current Signal ◽  
Galvanic Current
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