Some Biological Aspects of �Mutilated Virus� Obtained by the Action of Ketoaldehydic Derivatives of Biphenyl in A-PR8 Influenza Virus Infection �in vivo�

2015 ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
F. Magrassi ◽  
P. Altucci ◽  
G. Lorenzutti ◽  
U. Sapio
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Derivatives Of

scholarly journals Linear polysialoside outperforms dendritic analogs for inhibition of influenza virus infection in vitro and in vivo

Biomaterials ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumati Bhatia ◽  
Daniel Lauster ◽  
Markus Bardua ◽  
Kai Ludwig ◽  
Stefano Angioletti-Uberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection

scholarly journals Directed Evolution of an Influenza Reporter Virus To Restore Replication and Virulence and Enhance Noninvasive Bioluminescence Imaging in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Cai ◽  
Meisui Liu ◽  
Charles J. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Foreign Gene ◽  
Reporter Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bioluminescence Signal

ABSTRACTReporter viruses provide a powerful tool to study infection, yet incorporating a nonessential gene often results in virus attenuation and genetic instability. Here, we used directed evolution of a luciferase-expressing pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) 2009 influenza A virus in mice to restore replication kinetics and virulence, increase the bioluminescence signal, and maintain reporter gene expression. An unadapted pH1N1 virus withNanoLuc luciferaseinserted into the 5′ end of the PA gene segment grew to titers 10-fold less than those of the wild type in MDCK cells and in DBA/2 mice and was less virulent. For 12 rounds, we propagated DBA/2 lung samples with the highest bioluminescence-to-titer ratios. Every three rounds, we comparedin vivoreplication, weight loss, mortality, and bioluminescence. Mouse-adapted virus after 9 rounds (MA-9) had the highest relative bioluminescence signal and had wild-type-like fitness and virulence in DBA/2 mice. Using reverse genetics, we discovered fitness was restored in virus rPB2-MA9/PA-D479N by a combination of PA-D479N and PB2-E158G amino acid mutations andPB2noncoding mutations C1161T and C1977T. rPB2-MA9/PA-D479N has increased mRNA transcription, which helps restore wild-type-like phenotypes in DBA/2 and BALB/c mice. Overall, the results demonstrate that directed evolution that maximizes foreign-gene expression while maintaining genetic stability is an effective method to restore wild-type-likein vivofitness of a reporter virus. Virus rPB2-MA9/PA-D479N is expected to be a useful tool for noninvasive imaging of pH1N1 influenza virus infection and clearance while analyzing virus-host interactions and developing new therapeutics and vaccines.IMPORTANCEInfluenza viruses contribute to 290,000 to 650,000 deaths globally each year. Infection is studied in mice to learn how the virus causes sickness and to develop new drugs and vaccines. During experiments, scientists have needed to euthanize groups of mice at different times to measure the amount of infectious virus in mouse tissues. By inserting a foreign gene that causes infected cells to light up, scientists could see infection spread in living mice. Unfortunately, adding an extra gene not needed by the virus slowed it down and made it weaker. Here, we used a new strategy to restore the fitness and lethality of an influenza reporter virus; we adapted it to mouse lungs and selected for variants that had the greatest light signal. The adapted virus can be used to study influenza virus infection, immunology, and disease in living mice. The strategy can also be used to adapt other viruses.

scholarly journals Multicolor two-photon imaging of in vivo cellular pathophysiology upon influenza virus infection using the two-photon IMPRESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1041-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ueki ◽  
I-Hsuan Wang ◽  
Dongming Zhao ◽  
Matthias Gunzer ◽  
Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Photon Imaging ◽  
Two Photon Imaging

scholarly journals Antiviral activity of diallyl trisulfide against H9N2 avian influenza virus infection in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Ming ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Xiaofang Li ◽  
Ling Tang ◽  
Guimei He
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Diallyl Trisulfide ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Background Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a garlic-derived organosulfur compound. As it has been shown to have anti-viral activity, we hypothesized that it may alleviate infections caused by H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV), which is prevalent in poultry with pandemic potential. Methods Human lung A549 epithelial cells were treated with three different concentrations of DATS 24 h before (pre-treatment) or one hour after (post-treatment) H9N2 AIV infection. Culture supernatants were collected 24 h and 48 h post-infection and analyzed for viral titers and levels of inflammatory and anti-viral immune responses. For in vivo experiments, BABL/c mice were administered daily by intraperitoneal injection with DATS (30 mg/kg) for 2 weeks starting 1 day after H9N2 AIV infection. Clinical signs, lung pathology, and inflammatory and anti-viral immune responses were assessed 2, 4, and 6 days after infection. Results Both pre-treatment and post-treatment of A549 cells with DATS resulted in reduced viral loads, increased expression of anti-viral genes (RIG-I, IRF-3, and interferon-β), and decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). These effects were also observed in H9N2 AIV-infected mice treated with DATS. Such treatment also reduced lung edema and inflammation in mice. Conclusions Results suggest that DATS has anti-viral activity against H9N2 AIV and may be used as an alternative treatment for influenza virus infection.

scholarly journals Prevention of Murine Influenza a Virus Pneumonitis by Surfactant Nano-Emulsions

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W Donovan ◽  
Jon D Reuter ◽  
Zhengyi Cao ◽  
Andrzej Myc ◽  
Kent J Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Nano Emulsion

Non-ionic surfactant nano-emulsions have extensive anti-microbial activity and are biocompatible with skin and mucous membranes at effective concentrations. Two nano-emulsion formulations (8N8 and 20N10) made from soybean oil, tributyl phosphate and Triton X-100, were tested for their ability to prevent murine influenza virus pneumonia in vivo. In the initial study, CD-1 mice were administered various dilutions of the nano-emulsions intranasally, and safe dosages and concentrations were determined. Non-toxic concentrations of the nano-emulsions were then mixed with influenza virus and applied to the nares of mice. Animals receiving mixtures of two different emulsions (8N8 or 20N10) and a LD50 of virus survived the challenge without evidence of viral infection. To determine if the nano-emulsions could prevent influenza virus infection in vivo when used as a prophylactic treatment, the nano-emulsions (8N8 at 1.0% and 20N10 at 1.0% or 0.2%) were applied to mouse nares 90 min before exposure to 5×105 p.f.u./ml virus by nebulized aerosol. Animals pretreated with the nano-emulsions had significantly decreased clinical signs of infection. Only 26.0% (8N8 at 1.0%), 31.25% (20N10 at 1.0%) and 37.0% (20N10 at 0.2%) of animals pretreated with nano-emulsion died from pneumonitis, whereas >80.0% of mock pretreated animals succumbed to infection ( P<0.005). These findings suggest that non-ionic surfactant nano-emulsions have therapeutic potential for the prevention of influenza virus infection in vivo.

scholarly journals Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and Toll-like receptor 7-dependent signalling promote efficient protection of mice against highly virulent influenza A virus

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Kaminski ◽  
Annette Ohnemus ◽  
Marius Cornitescu ◽  
Peter Staeheli
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells ◽  
Toll Like Receptor

Types I and III interferons (IFNs) elicit protective antiviral immune responses during influenza virus infection. Although many cell types can synthesize IFN in response to virus infection, it remains unclear which IFN sources contribute to antiviral protection in vivo. We found that mice carrying functional alleles of the Mx1 influenza virus resistance gene partially lost resistance to infection with a highly pathogenic H7N7 influenza A virus strain if Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signalling was compromised. This effect was achieved by deleting either the TLR7 gene or the gene encoding the TLR7 adaptor molecule MyD88. A similar decrease of influenza virus resistance was observed when animals were deprived of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) at day 1 post-infection. Our results provide in vivo proof that pDCs contribute to the protection of the lung against influenza A virus infections, presumably via signals from TLR7.

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