Assessing Risk Factors for Dental Caries: A Statistical Modeling Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Trottini ◽  
Maurizio Bossù ◽  
Denise Corridore ◽  
Gaetano Ierardo ◽  
Valeria Luzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Model Selection ◽  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Model Space ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
The Impact

The problem of identifying potential determinants and predictors of dental caries is of key importance in caries research and it has received considerable attention in the scientific literature. From the methodological side, a broad range of statistical models is currently available to analyze dental caries indices (DMFT, dmfs, etc.). These models have been applied in several studies to investigate the impact of different risk factors on the cumulative severity of dental caries experience. However, in most of the cases (i) these studies focus on a very specific subset of risk factors; and (ii) in the statistical modeling only few candidate models are considered and model selection is at best only marginally addressed. As a result, our understanding of the robustness of the statistical inferences with respect to the choice of the model is very limited; the richness of the set of statistical models available for analysis in only marginally exploited; and inferences could be biased due the omission of potentially important confounding variables in the model's specification. In this paper we argue that these limitations can be overcome considering a general class of candidate models and carefully exploring the model space using standard model selection criteria and measures of global fit and predictive performance of the candidate models. Strengths and limitations of the proposed approach are illustrated with a real data set. In our illustration the model space contains more than 2.6 million models, which require inferences to be adjusted for ‘optimism'.

Selected Restoration and Tooth Conditions: United States, 1988–1991

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 661-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. White ◽  
T.F. Albertini ◽  
L.J. Brown ◽  
D. Larach-Robinson ◽  
M. Redford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Dmf Index ◽  
Oral Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Source Of Information

The DMF index provides one source of information on past and present dental caries experience; however, important limitations hinder its ability to characterize fully the impact of dental caries. The purpose of this paper is to describe a measure of selected restoration and tooth conditions that supplements information from the DMF index and to report on the application of this measure as part of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 1, conducted between 1988 and 1991. Data from this survey were used to estimate the prevalence and severity of selected disaggregated physical and biological oral conditions among dentate adults aged 18 to 74 years. Trained, standardized, and calibrated dentist examiners assessed 28 permanent teeth or tooth spaces for each of 6,767 subjects. Teeth or tooth spaces were classified based on criteria for: defective intracoronal restorations, crowns, or bridges; gross loss of tooth structure associated with a restoration; pulpal involvement; or retained roots. Approximately 40.5%, or 61.6 million, dentate adults had at least one tooth or tooth space that met the criteria. Among all persons, an average of 0.9 teeth or tooth spaces met the criteria for at least one category. Adults with at least one scored tooth or tooth space had an average of 2.2 such teeth or tooth spaces. Data from this assessment supplement information available from the DMF index to provide a broader profile of the impact of dental caries on permanent teeth of US adults.

scholarly journals The impact of histopathological celiac disease activity on dental enamel defects and dental caries

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Zainab Q Al-Obaidi ◽  
Nada J Radhi
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Enamel Defects ◽  
The Impact

Background: Celiac disease is an autoimmune chronic disease that affects the human’s intestine and subsequently reflects its effect on the entire body health by retardation the absorption and immune mediated complications cause the involvement of oral health. The present study intended to evaluate the impact of the histopathological disease activity upon dental enamel defects and dental caries. Subjects and methods: Forty celiac-diseased patients aged 7-11 years were collected from 3 different teaching hospitals in Baghdad classified by means of the histopathological activity of the intestinal disease according to modified Marsh-Rostami classification. Dental enamel defects were measured by Aine’s classification, while dental caries experience and severity were measured using d1-4mfs/t and D1-4MFS/T. Results: The majority of the sample came with partial villous atrophy of the small intestine (Marsh III-a) and almost half of the sample were with no celiac disease specific dental enamel defects (Aine’s 0), while Aine’s I was the most predominant than Aine’s II. Most missed surfaces due to dental caries in permanent teeth came with Marsh II. Conclusion: The more the severity of celiac disease histopathological activity the more the severity of celiac specific dental enamel defects and the less experienced dental caries. Keywords: Celiac disease, histopathological activity, dental enamel defects, dental caries.

scholarly journals Dental Caries Experience in 6-13 Years Old School Children of Dharan Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Bhawana Sigdel Bastola ◽  
Bandana Koirala ◽  
Mamta Dali ◽  
Sneha Shrestha ◽  
Dharanidhar Baral
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Dental caries though preventable oral health problem is affecting school children worldwide and around 50% of Nepalese children are suffering from it. Baseline data with good understanding of dental caries and associated risk factors are necessary to form preventive strategies for setting and achieving oral health goals. Objective: This study was conducted to determine dental caries experience and associated risk factors among school-going children of 6-13 years old in Dharan sub-metropolitan city, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 5th Jan 2018 to 4th Jan 2019 among 680 school children selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Pretested, standardized, closed-ended questionnaire answered by the parents was used to gather information regarding the associated risk factors. Dental caries experience was obtained from deft/DMFT (WHO modification 1997). Comparison of categorical data was done using Chi-square test. Multivariable binary logistic regressions were used for the statistical analysis. Results: The overall caries prevalence was 61.6%, in primary dentition it was 48.25% and in permanent dentition it was 34.4%. Dental caries experience was with mean deft 4.67 (±2.7) in primary dentition and mean DMFT 1.72 (±1.05).in permanent dentition. Multivariate analysis showed significant association between dental caries experience and grade three and grade four school children had experienced greater caries (p<0.05, OR =2.7). Dental caries was associated with eating sweets at night (p<0.001, OR=2.5) and snacking in-between meals (p<0.001, OR=2.5). Conclusions: Dental caries among school-children in Dharan showed a significant burden especially within the primary dentition. It was significantly associated with factors like feeding habits -eating sweets in a day, eating sweets at night and snaking in between meals

scholarly journals Prediction Models for Early Childhood Obesity: Applicability and Existing Issues

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 358-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éadaoin M. Butler ◽  
José G.B. Derraik ◽  
Rachael W. Taylor ◽  
Wayne S. Cutfield
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Early Childhood Obesity ◽  
The Impact

Statistical models have been developed for the prediction or diagnosis of a wide range of outcomes. However, to our knowledge, only 7 published studies have reported models to specifically predict overweight and/or obesity in early childhood. These models were developed using known risk factors and vary greatly in terms of their discrimination and predictive capacities. There are currently no established guidelines on what constitutes an acceptable level of risk (i.e., risk threshold) for childhood obesity prediction models, but these should be set following consideration of the consequences of false-positive and false-negative predictions, as well as any relevant clinical guidelines. To date, no studies have examined the impact of using early childhood obesity prediction models as intervention tools. While these are potentially valuable to inform targeted interventions, the heterogeneity of the existing models and the lack of consensus on adequate thresholds limit their usefulness in practice.

The Effects of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Performance in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa N De Vito ◽  
John P K Bernstein ◽  
Daniel Weitzner ◽  
Matthew Calamia ◽  
Jeffrey N Keller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Neuropsychological Status ◽  
Repeatable Battery ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective The current study investigated the differential impact cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) on Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) performance in a large, cognitively healthy, older adult sample across 4 years. Method Participants were 486 individuals recruited through a longitudinal aging research study in the southeastern United States. Participants were 69.3% female, an average of 69.96 years old (SD = 6.58), 16.32 years of education (SD = 2.27), and Mini-Mental Status Exam score of 29.12 (SD = 1.16). Participants completed the RBANS at baseline and yearly thereafter, as well as the Uniform Data Set demographic and health questionnaires and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results Multilevel modeling was conducted using standardized RBANS index scores. Overall, across indices, performance generally improved across time consistent with practice effects from repeated testing. Some CVRFs were associated with worse performance over time. For example, individuals with hypertension performed more poorly on immediate memory over time (t = −2.06, p < .05). Other CVRFs (e.g., BMI) were not associated with baseline performance or performance over time. (p > .05). Conclusions CVRFs differentially affect RBANS performance over time. These results extend previous cross-sectional findings regarding the impact of different cardiovascular health risks to a large, cognitively healthy, longitudinal sample.

The impact of depression status on dental caries severity among internally displaced people in Baghdad/Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Sama M Mohammed ◽  
Ban S Diab
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Internally Displaced People ◽  
Depression Status ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
The Impact

Background: changing in lifestyle like displacing place could cause depression which is a common mental disorder that change general health that affect dental caries incidence and severity. The aims of this study were to assess the relation of depression status on prevalence and severity of dental caries among internally displaced people. Material and Method: The sample include 121 internally displaced people aged from 13-17 years. Method for depression measuring is by using Children Depression Inventory (CDI2) questionnaire. Dental caries is measured by using caries experience (DMFs) and caries severity D1-4. Result: the mean value for decayed and missing surfaces were higher in high depression grade as compering with low and medium depression grade, while filled surfaces were with higher mean value in low grade than high grade of depression and absent in medium grade. While when measuring caries severity (D 1-4), the highest mean value for D1, D3 were in medium depressed group while D2, D4 were with highest value in high depressed group. Conclusion: depression among internally displaced people had an effect on caries severity.

scholarly journals Taxes to Unhealthy Food and Beverages and Oral Health in Mexico: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mauricio Hernández-F ◽  
Alejandra Cantoral ◽  
M. Arantxa Colchero
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
The Impact

In January 2014, taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and nonessential energy-dense food were implemented in Mexico to discourage the consumption of these products. Published evaluations have shown reductions in purchases of taxed food and beverages associated with the implementation of this fiscal policy. Although there are some studies on the impact on health based on simulation studies, no evaluations with empirical data on changes in oral health have been published. We used administrative records and data from an epidemiological surveillance system to estimate changes in (1) outpatient visits related to dental caries; (2) having experienced dental caries: Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) &#x3e;0 for permanent dentition or dmft &#x3e;0 for primary dentition (dmft); (3) number of teeth with caries experience (DMFT and dmft), (4) cases with DMFT &#x3e;0 or dmft &#x3e;0, and (5) the series of mean DMFT or dmft, associated with the taxes. We estimated probit and negative binomial models for outcomes at individual level, and interrupted time series analysis for population-level outcomes. The implementation of the taxes was associated with negative changes in the trends of outpatient visits, as well as for cases with DMFT &#x3e;0, dmft &#x3e;0 and mean DMFT. Taxes were also associated with a lower probability of having experienced dental caries and with a lower number of teeth with caries experience in the samples studied. Our results suggest positive impacts of the implementation of taxes on unhealthy food and beverages in the oral health of Mexicans, which are the first health benefits observed, and add to the health benefits predicted by modeling studies.

scholarly journals Risk factors for caries-free time: longitudinal study in early childhood

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Beatriz Barreto de Sousa Cabral ◽  
Eduardo Luiz Andrade Mota ◽  
Maria Cristina Teixeira Cangussu ◽  
Maria Isabel Pereira Vianna ◽  
Fabiana Raynal Floriano
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Kaplan Meier

OBJECTIVE: To estimate time in days from the beginning of follow-up up to the development of dental caries in children under 30 months and to assess risk factors potentially affecting the development of the disease. METHODS: The study population of the cohort study were children attending public, private, and charitable day care centers in Salvador, Northeastern Brazil, followed up for fourteen months. We used the multivariate Cox regression to estimate risk and Kaplan-Meier method to estimate the caries-free time. RESULTS: Of the 495 children studied, 112 developed caries (22.6%). Mean caries-free time was 248.6 (SD = 96.2) days. The comparasion of curves by age group (> 24 months) and children attending public day care showed more caries in a shorter period (p < 0.00). The following variables were important risk factors for increased rate of caries: district of origin (HR = 1.88, 95%CI 1.27–2.77), category of day care (HR = 3.88, 95%CI 2.04–7.38), age (HR = 1.77, 95%CI 1.15–2.74), bottle-feeding before sleep time after the age of 12 months (HR = 1.62, 95%CI 1.04–2.51), presence of active white spots (HR = 2.70, 95%CI 1.07–6.80), and living in non-masonry house (HR = 1.68, 95%CI 1.02–2.76). The highest hazard ratio (HR = 4.60, 95%CI 2.80–7.42) was found for previous caries experience. CONCLUSIONS: Social variables were considered as of high risk for the development of dental caries.

Statistische Modellierung

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Th. Gries
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Modeling Processes ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of central aspects of statistical modeling of linguistic data. Starting from a general definition of model, the paper discusses the goals of modeling as well as a variety of issues bearing upon the formulation/definition of statistical models. It then surveys model selection, the choice of ‘the best model’ and three fundamental notions affecting the interpretation of models. Finally, the paper turns to validation and replicability and addresses a variety of challenges researchers face during modeling processes.

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