Brain, Heart and Kidney Correlate for the Control of Blood Pressure and Water Balance: Role of Angiotensinases

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 198-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Prieto ◽  
Ana B. Villarejo ◽  
Ana B. Segarra ◽  
Inmaculada Banegas ◽  
Rosemary Wangensteen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Water Balance

Pre-emptive Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Relief in Children – Role of Paracetamol

2009 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Rubina Yasmin ◽  
AKM Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
Paresh Chandra Sarker ◽  
Neaz Ahmed ◽  
Ranadhir Kumar Kundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

This prospective clinical study was carried out in the Dept. of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka, during the period of May 2003 to July 2003. The study was done to emphasize the importance of giving analgesics preemptively instead of waiting for the child to complain of pain and to produce smooth recovery after surgery by decreasing immediate postoperative pain in children by a simple, safe acceptable drug. The children scheduled for tonsillectomy under general anaesthesia were recruited in this study. The analgesic efficiency of rectal paracetamol in two doses, 25 mg/kg bodywt.(Gr-P25) and 50 mg/kg. bodywt. (Gr-P50) were compared with Diclofenac Sodium suppository 1mg/ kg body weight (Gr-D) given half an hour before induction of anaesthesia. Pain scoring was done by TPPPS (Toddler Pre-schooler postoperative pain scale). Heart rate and blood pressure were stable in Gr-P50 and Gr-D. Time of first demand of analgesic was delayed in Gr-P50 and Gr-D. Total paracetamol consumption in 24 hours was less in Gr-P50(181±14.25) and Gr-D (212±25) than Gr-P25(318± 26.39). Total duration of analgesia in Gr- P50 (657±9.94) mins. and in Gr- D(502±10.63) mins. and in Gr-P25(288±23.17) mins. Pre-emptive high dose rectal paracetamol appears to be more effective than diclofenac sodium suppository for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Journal of BSA, Vol. 18, No. 1 & 2, 2005 p.9-16

ROLE OF THE THYROID GLAND IN DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF RENAL HYPERTENSION IN RATS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (III) ◽  
pp. 411-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin J. Fregly ◽  
Kenneth M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Testicular Size

ABSTRACT The anti-thyroid drugs, thiouracil, propylthiouracil, and methimazole, prevented both development of elevated blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy usually accompanying kidney encapsulation with latex envelopes. These drugs also reduced elevated blood pressure of rats with hypertension of 13 to 40 weeks' duration prior to drug administration. Addition of desiccated thyroid powder to diet containing an anti-thyroid drug overcame the anti-hypertensive effect of the latter. Withdrawal of thyroid powder only was followed by return of blood pressure to previous low level within 3 weeks. The results suggest that the anti-hypertensive effect of these drugs is related directly to the hypothyroidism produced rather than to extrathyroidal effects of the drugs. Comparison of potencies of the 3 drugs in terms of anti-hypertensive effect, inhibition of growth rate, increase in testicular size, and increase in thyroid size suggests that propylthiouracil and methimazole are equally potent per unit weight of drug. Thiouracil has approximately half the potency of the other two.

PERAN KELUARGA DALAM MEMANTAU KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PENDERITA HIPERTENSI PADA MASYARAKAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiful Nurhidayat
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
College Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Family

Abstract : Hypertension or high blood pressure is an abnormal increase in blood pressure in the arteries continuously over a period. The dangers of hypertension can lead to damage to various organs including kidneys, brain, heart, eye, causing vascular resistance and stroke. Hypertension takes care of the old and continuously. One effective way to lower blood pressure is to obediently take medicine so that it takes the role of families in monitoring patients taking the medication. With the participation of the family are expected to hypertension sufferers can be controlled. This study aims to determine the family's role in monitoring the adherence of hypertensive patients. The study was conducted in rural communities Slahung Ponorogo, a representative sample of 53 respondents taken by purposive sampling. Quantitative design with cross sectional design of the study the family's role in monitoring the adherence of hypertensive patients. Instruments in this study using questionnaires and observation sheets. The results of 53 respondents obtained the majority of the 29 respondents (55%) has the role of both families and 24 respondents (45%) families have a bad role in monitoring medication adherence. Age and education contribute to determining the role family. Intermediate (41-60 years old) and college education contribute to determining the role well. Conversely > 61 years of elementary education and contribute in a bad role.Keywords : the role of the family, medication adherence, hypertension. Abstrak : Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi adalah suatu peningkatan abnormal tekanan darah dalam pembuluh darah arteri secara terus-menerus lebih dari suatu periode. Bahaya hipertensi dapat memicu rusaknya berbagai organ tubuh diantaranya: ginjal, otak, jantung, mata, menyebabkan resistensi pembuluh darah dan stroke. Penyakit hipertensi membutuhkan perawatan yang lama dan terus menerus. Salah satu cara yang efektif untuk menurunkan tekanan darah adalah dengan patuh minum obat sehingga dibutuhkan peran keluarga dalam memantau minum obat penderita. Dengan adanya peran serta keluarga diharapkan penyakit hipertensi penderita dapat terkontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran keluarga dalam memantau kepatuhan minum obat penderita hipertensi. Penelitian dilakukan pada masyarakat desa Slahung Ponorogo,sampel representatif sejumlah 53 responden diambil secara Purposive Sampling. Desain kuantitatif dengan rancangan Cross sectional yang mempelajari peran keluarga dalam memantau kepatuhan minum obat penderita hipertensi. Instrumen pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian dari 53 responden didapatkan sebagian besar 29 responden (55 %) keluarga mempunyai peran baik dan 24 responden (45 %) keluarga mempunyai peran buruk dalam memantau kepatuhan minum obat. Faktor usia dan pendidikan berkontribusi dalam menentukan peran keluarga. Usia madya (41-60 tahun) dan jenjang pendidikan perguruan tinggi berkontribusi dalam menentukan peran baik. Sebaliknya > 61 tahun dan jenjang pendidikan SD berkontribusi dalam peran buruk.Kata Kunci : peran keluarga, kepatuhan minum obat, penyakit hipertensi.

Antihypertensive Drug Treatment and Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythm: A Review of the Role of Chronotherapy in Hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Schillaci ◽  
Francesca Battista ◽  
Laura Settimi ◽  
Luca Schillaci ◽  
Giacomo Pucci
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug ◽  
Circadian Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug Treatment

Anti-Hypertensive Potential and Epigenetics of Angiotensin II type 2 Receptor (AT2R)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Blood Pressure Regulation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Critical Pathway

Background:: Renin angiotensin system (RAS) is a critical pathway involved in blood pressure regulation. Octapeptide, angiotensin II (Ang aII), is biologically active compound of RAS pathway which mediates its action by binding to either angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) or angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). Binding of Ang II to AT1R facilitates blood pressure regulation whereas AT2R is primarily involved in wound healing and tissue remodelling. Objective:: Recent studies have highlighted additional role of AT2R to counter balance detrimental effects of AT1R. Activation of angiotensin II type 2 receptor using AT2R agonist has shown effect on natriuresis and release of nitric oxide. Additionally, AT2R activation has been found to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and enhance angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) activity. These findings highlight the potential of AT2R as novel therapeutic target against hypertension. Conclusion:: The potential role of AT2R highlights the importance of exploring additional mechanisms that might be crucial for AT2R expression. Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone modification have been explored vastly with relation to cancer but role of such mechanisms on expression of AT2R has recently gained interest.

scholarly journals A Sex-Specific Role of Endothelial Sirtuin 3 on Blood Pressure and Diastolic Dysfunction in Female Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9744
Author(s):  
Heng Zeng ◽  
Xiaochen He ◽  
Jian-Xiong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Sirtuin 3 ◽  
Control Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Flow Reserve

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by a diastolic dysfunction and is highly prevalent in aged women. Our study showed that ablation of endothelial Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) led to diastolic dysfunction in male mice. However, the sex-specific role of endothelial SIRT3 deficiency on blood pressure and diastolic function in female mice remains to be investigated. Methods and Results: In this study, we demonstrate that the ablation of endothelial SIRT3 in females elevated blood pressure as compared with control female mice. Diastolic function measurement also showed that the isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and myocardial performance index (MPI) were significantly increased, whereas the E’ velocity/A’ velocity (E’/A’) ratio was reduced in the endothelial-specific SIRT3 knockout (SIRT3 ECKO) female mice. To further investigate the regulatory role of endothelial SIRT3 on blood pressure and diastolic dysfunction in metabolic stress, SIRT3 ECKO female mice were fed a normal diet and high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. The knockout of endothelial SIRT3 resulted in an increased blood pressure in female mice fed with an HFD. Intriguingly, SIRT3 ECKO female mice + HFD exhibited impaired coronary flow reserve (CFR) and more severe diastolic dysfunction as evidenced by an elevated IVRT as compared with control female mice + HFD. In addition, female SIRT3 ECKO mice had higher blood pressure and diastolic dysfunction as compared to male SIRT3 ECKO mice. Moreover, female SIRT3 ECKO mice + HFD had an impaired CFR and diastolic dysfunction as compared to male SIRT3 ECKO mice + HFD. Conclusions: These results implicate a sex-specific role of endothelial SIRT3 in regulating blood pressure and diastolic function in mice. Deficiency of endothelial SIRT3 may be responsible for a diastolic dysfunction in aged female.

scholarly journals Effort investment in uncontrollable situations: The moderating role of motivation toward closure

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-196
Author(s):  
Paulina Szwed ◽  
Małgorzata Kossowska ◽  
Marcin Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Need For Closure ◽  
Extra Effort ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Energy Conservation Principle ◽  
Principle Of Energy Conservation ◽  
Investment Behaviour

AbstractAccording to the principle of energy-conservation principle, effort investment is usually reduced in situations that are perceived as uncontrollable. This is because when success is recognized as impossible, any effortful actions are no longer justified. However, we predicted that individual differences in uncertainty tolerance, i.e., the need for closure (NFC), may moderate effort investment in uncontrollable situations. We tested this prediction in two experimental studies in which we exposed participants with differing levels of NFC to uncontrollable events, and indexed effort through the assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) responses. As predicted, in the uncontrollability (vs. controllability) condition, effort investment decreased significantly among low- but not high-NFC participants. Since gaining certainty and achieving closure is not a critical epistemic goal for low-NFC individuals, exerting extra effort to gain certainty is therefore no longer justified. On the other hand, high-NFC participants do not withhold their efforts, as they are highly motivated to obtain certainty. These results may help to account for contradictory findings in effort-investment behaviour and add substantively to the literature concerning motivation toward closure.

scholarly journals Role of community health volunteers in identifying people with elevated blood pressure for diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension in Malawi: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvis Safary ◽  
Micrina Mwandeti ◽  
Beatrice Matanje ◽  
Claudia Beiersmann ◽  
Caroline Mtaita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Health Volunteers ◽  
Provision Of Services

Abstract Background In recent years, there has been greater recognition of the important role of community health volunteers in many countries and their important role informs many health programs. This include health education, provision of services such as screening, monitoring and referral to health facilities. Their roles are better understood in the areas of communicable diseases like HIV infection, Tuberculosis and Malaria however little is known about their role in non-communicable diseases. This study seeks to explore perception of CHVs’ functions, tasks, and their fulfilment in identifying people with elevated blood pressure for diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension in Lilongwe, Malawi. Methods This was a qualitative naturalistic research design utilizing observation and semi-structured interviews with community health volunteers working in Lilongwe, Malawi. Interviews were carried out with the researcher. Participants were recruited from the ZaMaC project. An interview guide was developed with a category-guided deductive approach. The interviews were recorded through note taking. Data analysis was performed using content analysis approach. Results Community health volunteers have multiple roles in prevention and monitoring of hypertension. They act as health educators and provide lifestyle counselling. They screened for hypertension and monitored blood pressure and assisted community members to navigate the health system such as linkage to health facilities. These roles were shaped in response to community needs. Conclusion This study indicates the complexities of the roles of community health volunteer in identifying people with elevated BP for diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension. Understanding community health volunteers’ roles provides insight into their required competencies in provision of their daily activities as well as required training to fill in their knowledge gaps.

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