In vitro Antimicrobial Activities of 1-Methoxyficifolinol, Licorisoflavan A, and 6,8-Diprenylgenistein against Streptococcus mutans

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sug-Joon Ahn ◽  
Soon-Nang Park ◽  
Young Ju Lee ◽  
Eun-Jung Cho ◽  
Yun Kyong Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Licorice Root ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Time Kill

The objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of purified single compounds from ethanol-extracted licorice root on Streptococcus mutans. The crude licorice root extract (CLE) was obtained from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, which was subjected to column chromatography to separate compounds. Purified compounds were identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Antimicrobial activities of purified compounds from CLE were evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration and by performing time-kill kinetics. The inhibitory effects of the compounds on biofilm development were evaluated using crystal violet assay and confocal microscopy. Cell toxicity of substances to normal human gingival fibroblast (NHGF) cells was tested using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) was used in the control group. Three antimicrobial flavonoids, 1-methoxyficifolinol, licorisoflavan A, and 6,8-diprenylgenistein, were isolated from the CLE. We found that the three flavonoids and CHX had bactericidal effects on S. mutans UA159 at the concentration of ≥4 and ≥1 µg/ml, respectively. The purified compounds completely inhibited biofilm development of S. mutans UA159 at concentrations over 4 μg/ml, which was equivalent to 2 μg/ml of CHX. Confocal analysis showed that biofilms were sparsely scattered in the presence of over 4 μg/ml of the purified compounds. However, the three compounds purified from CLE showed less cytotoxic effects on NHGF cells than CHX at these biofilm-inhibitory concentrations. Our results suggest that purified flavonoids from CLE can be useful in developing oral hygiene products, such as gargling solutions and dentifrices for preventing dental caries.

scholarly journals Early Biofilm Formation on UV Light Activated Nanoporous TiO2SurfacesIn Vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagat Areid ◽  
Eva Söderling ◽  
Johanna Tanner ◽  
Ilkka Kangasniemi ◽  
Timo O. Närhi
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Biofilm Development

Purpose. To explore earlyS. mutansbiofilm formation on hydrothermally induced nanoporous TiO2surfacesin vivoand to examine the effect of UV light activation on the biofilm development.Materials and Methods. Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy discs (n = 40) were divided into four groups with different surface treatments: noncoated titanium alloy (NC); UV treated noncoated titanium alloy (UVNC); hydrothermally induced TiO2coating (HT); and UV treated titanium alloy with hydrothermally induced TiO2coating (UVHT).In vivoplaque formation was studied in 10 healthy, nonsmoking adult volunteers. Titanium discs were randomly distributed among the maxillary first and second molars. UV treatment was administered for 60 min immediately before attaching the discs in subjects’ molars. Plaque samples were collected 24h after the attachment of the specimens. Mutans streptococci (MS), non-mutans streptococci, and total facultative bacteria were cultured, and colonies were counted.Results. The plaque samples of NC (NC + UVNC) surfaces showed over 2 times more oftenS. mutanswhen compared to TiO2surfaces (HT + UVHT), with the number of colonized surfaces equal to 7 and 3, respectively.Conclusion. Thisin vivostudy suggested that HT TiO2surfaces, which we earlier showed to improve blood coagulation and encourage human gingival fibroblast attachmentin vitro, do not enhance salivary microbial (mostly mutans streptococci) adhesion and initial biofilm formation when compared with noncoated titanium alloy. UV light treatment provided Ti-6Al-4V surfaces with antibacterial properties and showed a trend towards less biofilm formation when compared with non-UV treated titanium surfaces.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity of Different Nano Composite Resins on Human Gingival and Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Cell Lines: An In Vitro Study

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Kavuncu ◽  
Ayse Mine Yilmaz ◽  
Betul Karademir Yilmaz ◽  
Pinar Yilmaz Atali ◽  
Elif Cigdem Altunok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast

The aim of this study is to determine the cytotoxicity of three different nano composite resins (CRs) on human gingival fibroblast (hGF) and periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cell lines. These CRs selected were nanohybrid organic monomer-based Admira Fusion (AF), nanohybrid Bis-(acryloyloxymethyl) tricyclo [5.2.1.0.sup.2,6] decane-based Charisma Topaz (CT), and supra nano filled resin-based Estelite Quick Sigma (EQS). MTT assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity of CRs at 24 h and one week. AF and EQS applied on hGF cells at 24 h and one week demonstrated similar cytotoxic outcomes. Cytotoxicity of CT on hGF cells at one week was higher than 24 h (p = 0.04). Cytotoxicity of CT on hGF cells was higher at 24 h (p = 0.002) and one week (p = 0.009) compared to control. All composites showed higher cytotoxicity on hPDLF cells at one week than the 24 h (AF; p = 0.02, CT; p = 0.02, EQS; p = 0.04). AF and EQS demonstrated lower cytotoxicity on hPDLF cells than the control group at 24 h (AF; p = 0.01, EQS; p = 0.001). CT was found more cytotoxic on hPDLF cells than the control (p = 0.01) and EQS group (p = 0.008) at one week. The cytotoxicity of CRs on hGF and hPDLF cells vary, according to the type of composites, cell types, and exposure time.

scholarly journals Extract of Herba Anthrisci cerefolii: Chemical Profiling and Insights into Its Anti-Glioblastoma and Antimicrobial Mechanism of Actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Dejan Stojković ◽  
Danijela Drakulić ◽  
Marija Schwirtlich ◽  
Nemanja Rajčević ◽  
Milena Stevanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Microbial Infections

Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. is a plant traditionally used around the globe since antiquity. Although widely used in many traditional medicines in different cultures, from the scientific point of view it is poorly investigated. Glioblastoma, a tumor type with poor prognosis, is the most common and lethal brain tumor in adults. Current therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. On the other hand, it has been revealed that patients with cancers are highly susceptible to microbial infections due to the invasive nature of cancer treatment approaches. This study was designed to investigate the chemical profile of herba Anthriscii cerefoli methanolic extract by applying UHPLC-LTQ OrbiTrap MS4 analysis and to analyze its anti-glioblastoma and antimicrobial activities. This study revealed that methanolic extract of herba Anthrisc cerefolii contained phenolic acids and flavonoids, with 32 compounds being identified. Anti-glioblastoma activity was investigated in vitro using A172 glioblastoma cell line. The cytotoxic effects of the extract on A172 cells were compared to the same effect on primary human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells. Decreased rate of proliferation and changes in cell morphology were detected upon treatment of A172 cells with the extract. The antimicrobial activity of extract was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species. The extract was active against the tested bacterium and yeasts, inhibiting free floating cells and microbial biofilms. This study is the first one to provide a detailed description of the chemical profile of A. cerefolium extract dealing with scientific insights into its anti-glioblastoma and antimicrobial activities.

Effect of Kaempferia parviflora on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation and its Cytotoxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 328-332
Author(s):  
Supaporn Mala ◽  
Sroisiri Thaweboon ◽  
Pipat Luksamijarukul ◽  
Boonyanit Thaweboon ◽  
Chayaporn Saranpuetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Kaempferia Parviflora ◽  
Associated Bacteria

Streptococcus mutans is the most prevalent bacterial species isolated from the human oral cavity. Its ability to form biofilms is an important factor in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Thus, the search for new antimicrobial agents, especially from plants, has been intensified. Kaempferia parviflora has been the subject of research for many pharmacological and antimicrobial activities. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ethanolic extract of K. parviflora root (0.46, 0.94, 1.87, 3.75, 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/ml) on S. mutans KPSK2 biofilm formation using crystal violet assay. Cytotoxicity was determined according to 10993-5/2009 on human gingival fibroblast by MTT assay. The results showed that K. parviflora extract could inhibit biofilm formation to approximately 62-82% at the concentrations of 0.46-30 mg/ml. In the case of cytotoxicity, no cytotoxic potential was demonstrated at concentration of £ 7.5 mg/ml of K. parviflora. In conclusion, K. parviflora extract is a potentially useful anti-biofilm agent against caries-associated bacteria and could be used as adjunct to other caries preventive measures.

scholarly journals Propolis nanoparticle enhances the potency of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Streptococcus mutans in a synergistic manner

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Afrasiabi ◽  
Maryam Pourhajibagher ◽  
Nasim Chiniforush ◽  
Abbas Bahador
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Less invasive removal approaches have been recommended for deep caries lesions. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and propolis nanoparticle (PNP) are highlighted for the caries management plan. Evidence is lacking for an additive effect of combination PNP with photosensitizer (PS) in aPDT. This study aimed to investigate the individual and synergistic effects of chlorophyllin-phycocyanin mixture (PhotoActive+) and toluidine blue O (TBO) as PSs in combination with PNP in the aPDT process (aPDTplus) against major important virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans. Following characterization, biocompatibility of the PSs alone, or in combination with PNP were investigated on human gingival fibroblast cell. The in vitro synergy of PhotoActive+ or TBO and PNP was evaluated by the checkerboard method. The bacteria's virulence properties were surveyed in the presence of the PSs, individually as well as in combination. When the PSs were examined in combination (synergistic effect, FIC Index < 0.5), a stronger growth inhibitory activity was exhibited than the individual PSs. The biofilm formation, as well as genes involved in biofilm formation, showed greater suppression when the PSs were employed in combination. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the combination of PhotoActive+ or TBO with PNP with the least cytotoxicity effects and the highest antimicrobial activites would improve aPDT outcomes, leading to synergistic effects and impairing the virulence of S. mutans.

In Vitro Biocompatibility of CPP-ACP and Fluoride-containing Desensitizers on Human Gingival Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S López-García ◽  
J Guerrero-Gironés ◽  
MP Pecci-Lloret ◽  
MR Pecci-Lloret ◽  
FJ Rodríguez-Lozano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Flow Cytometry Data ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis

SUMMARY Objectives: To analyze the biocompatibility of different desensitizers containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and fluoride in their composition: MI Varnish (MV), Clinpro White Varnish (3M Oral Care), Profluorid Varnish (VOCO), Duraphat (Colgate) and Embrace Varnish (Pulpdent) on human gingival fibroblast cells (hGF). Methods and Materials: Human gingival fibroblast (hGF) cells were exposed to several desensitizer extracts at different concentrations (0.1%, 1%, and 4% eluates). Then, in vitro biocompatibility was studied by analyzing the IC50 value, cell proliferation (MTT assay and cell cycle), cell migration (wound healing assay), cell morphology and F-actin content (immunocytofluorescence), and induction of apoptosis/necrosis (flow cytometry). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test. Results: The lowest cell viability and IC50 were observed in all concentrations of Embrace Varnish-treated hGFs (p&lt;0.001), whereas the highest were exhibited by those treated with Clinpro White Varnish. Similar effects were evidenced when induction of apoptosis/necrosis and cell migration assays were assessed. Finally, MI Varnish, Profluorid Varnish, Duraphat, and Embrace Varnish extracts showed lower numbers of attached cells, some of them with an unusual fibroblastic morphology when cultured with 4% concentration of the varnishes, while Clinpro White Varnish exhibited a similar number of cells with an evident actin cytoskeleton compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study indicate that hGFs show better in vitro biocompatibility after exposure to Clinpro White Varnish, even at the highest concentration employed, making it the most eligible for topical applications. In contrast, Embrace Varnish exhibited a high cytotoxicity towards hGFs that could potentially delay the healing process and regeneration of the oral mucosa, although more studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Improved response of human gingival fibroblasts to titanium coated with micro-/nano-structured tantalum

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-nan Zhang ◽  
Lin-yi Zhou ◽  
Shu-jiao Qian ◽  
Ying-xin Gu ◽  
Jun-yu Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Integrin Β1

Abstract Objectives This study aims to evaluate the ability of tantalum-coated titanium to improve human gingival fibroblasts’ adhesion, viability, proliferation, migration performance, and the potential molecular mechanisms. Materials and methods Titanium plates were divided into two groups: (1) no coating (Ti, control), (2) Tantalum-coated titanium (Ta-coated Ti). All samples were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy, surface roughness, and hydrophilicity. Fibroblasts’ performance were analyzed by attached cell number at 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h, morphology at 1 h and 4 h, viability at 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days, recovery after wounding at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. RT-PCR, western blot were applied to detect attachment-related genes’ expression and protein synthesis at 4 h and 24 h. Student’s t test was used for statistical analysis. Results Tantalum-coated titanium demonstrates a layer of homogeneously distributed nano-grains with mean diameter of 25.98 (± 14.75) nm. It was found that after tantalum deposition, human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) adhesion, viability, proliferation, and migration were promoted in comparison to the control group. An upregulated level of Integrin β1 and FAK signaling was also detected, which might be the underlying mechanism. Conclusion In the present study, adhesion, viability, proliferation, migration of human gingival fibroblasts are promoted on tantalum-coated titanium, upregulated integrin β1 and FAK might contribute to its superior performance, indicating tantalum coating can be applied in transmucosal part of dental implant. Clinical significance Tantalum deposition on titanium surfaces can promote human gingival fibroblast adhesion, accordingly forming a well-organized soft tissue sealing and may contribute to a successful osseointegration.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of Eugenia dysenterica in primary culture of human gingival fibroblast cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio Rodrigues Rezende Costa ◽  
Bruna Rabelo Amorim ◽  
Sandra Márcia Mazutti da Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina Acevedo ◽  
Pérola de Oliveira Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Culture ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica

scholarly journals The Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using Chlorophyllin–Phycocyanin Mixture on Enterococcus faecalis: The Influence of Different Light Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Chiniforush ◽  
Maryam Pourhajibagher ◽  
Steven Parker ◽  
Stefano Benedicenti ◽  
Abbas Bahador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Vitro Effect

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of the chlorophyllin–phycocyanin mixture (Photoactive+) as a photosensitizer (PS) during antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the count of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) using different light sources. The antimicrobial effect of aPDT with chlorophyllin–phycocyanin mixture using different light sources including diode laser (λ = 660 nm), diode laser (λ = 635 nm), LED (λ = 450 ± 30 nm) alone or in combination was assessed using microbial cell viability assay against E. faecalis. In addition, the cell cytotoxicity of Photoactive+ was assessed on human gingival fibroblast (HuGu) cells by MTT assay; E. faecalis growth when treated by both red wavelengths (635 nm, 660 nm) and combination of LED (420–480 nm) and red wavelengths (635 nm, 660 nm), significantly reduced compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant reduction in the number of viable cells exposed to Photoactive+ compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study shows that the application of chlorophyllin–phycocyanin mixture and irradiation with emission of red light achieved a better result for bacterial count reduction, compared to a control. This component can be applied safely due to very negligible cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Synergism of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Reinforces Biofilm Maturation and Acidogenicity in Saliva: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Eun Kim ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Atul Dhall ◽  
Marwa Bawazir ◽  
Hyun Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Acidic Environment ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Biofilm Development

Early childhood caries, a virulent-form of dental caries, is painful, difficult, and costly to treat that has been associated with high levels of Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Candida albicans (Ca) in plaque-biofilms on teeth. These microorganisms appear to develop a symbiotic cross-kingdom interaction that amplifies the virulence of plaque-biofilms. Although biofilm studies reveal synergistic bacterial-fungal association, how these organisms modulate cross-kingdom biofilm formation and enhance its virulence in the presence of saliva remain largely unknown. Here, we compared the properties of Sm and Sm-Ca biofilms cultured in saliva by examining the biofilm structural organization and capability to sustain an acidic pH environment conducive to enamel demineralization. Intriguingly, Sm-Ca biofilm is rapidly matured and maintained acidic pH-values (~4.3), while Sm biofilm development was retarded and failed to create an acidic environment when cultured in saliva. In turn, the human enamel slab surface was severely demineralized by Sm-Ca biofilms, while there was minimal damage to the enamel surface by Sm biofilm. Interestingly, Sm-Ca biofilms exhibited an acidic environment regardless of their hyphal formation ability. Our data reveal the critical role of symbiotic interaction between S. mutans and C. albicans in human saliva in the context of pathogenesis of dental caries, which may explain how the cross-kingdom interaction contributes to enhanced virulence of plaque-biofilm in the oral cavity.

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