scholarly journals Genomic Structures of the kW1 Loci on the Z and W Chromosomes in Ratite Birds: Structural Changes at an Early Stage of W Chromosome Differentiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Ishijima ◽  
Yoshinobu Uno ◽  
Chizuko Nishida ◽  
Yoichi Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Differentiation ◽  
Ratite Birds

Staphylococcal infection and pathomurfological characteristic of the pituitary-adrenal-thyroid system

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Samira Mammadhasan Yagubova ◽  
◽  
Elchin Chingiz Akbarov ◽  
Tarana Nadir Mirzayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Specific Symptoms

During the staphylococcal infection, changes in the interaction of glandular cells, dystrophic and disorganizing pathologies in tissues, especially acute structural and hemodynamic changes in the stroma of the glands in the pituitary-adrenal-thyroid system, develop from the first day of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, on the background of a decrease in exudative processes, fibroplastic reactions are significantly activated, resulting in signs of incomplete regeneration – mainly sclerotic processes and cystic-atrophic changes in the parenchyma. Structural changes in tissues in the early stages of staphylococcal infection and the dynamics of development are characterized by specific symptoms in each of the glands. Since the pituitary gland is exposed to endogenous and exogenous factors earlier and more often than the adrenal glands, and the adrenal glands are earlier than the thyroid gland, dystrophic and destructive changes in the pituitary and adrenal glands are more pronounced at the early stage of the experiment. These morphological changes can change the hormonal status of the body and lead to dysfunction of the endocrine system as a whole – a decrease in the functional activity of the glands to some extent, and even inhibition of adenohypophyseal cells. Key words: staphylococcal infection, peritonitis, pituitary, adrenal and thyroid glands

NONSTRUCTURAL CHROMOSOME DIFFERENTIATION AMONG WHEAT CULTIVARS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIFFERENTIATION OF CHROMOSOMES IN RELATED SPECIES

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-414
Author(s):  
Jan Dvořák ◽  
Patrick E McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Chromosome Differentiation ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

ABSTRACT Wheat cultivar Chinese Spring (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) was crossed with cultivars Hope, Cheyenne and Timstein. In all three hybrids, the frequencies of pollen mother cells (PMCs) with univalents at metaphase I (MI) were higher than those in the parental cultivars. No multivalents were observed in the hybrids, indicating that the cultivars do not differ by translocations. Thirty-one Chinese Spring telosomic lines were then crossed with substitution lines in which single chromosomes of the three cultivars were substituted for their Chinese Spring homologues. The telosomic lines were also crossed with Chinese Spring. Data were collected on the frequencies (% of PMCs) of pairing of the telesomes with their homologues at MI and the regularity of pairing of the remaining 20 pairs of Chinese Spring chromosomes in the monotelodisomics obtained from these crosses. The reduced MI pairing in the intercultivar hybrids was caused primarily by chromosome differentiation, rather than by specific genes. Because the differentiation involved a large part of the chromosome complement in each hybrid, it was concluded that it could not be caused by structural changes such as inversions or translocations. In each case, the differentiation appeared to be unevenly distributed among the three wheat genomes. It is proposed that the same kind of differentiation, although of greater magnitude, differentiates homoeologous chromosomes and is responsible, together with structural differentiation, for poor chromosome pairing in interspecific hybrids.

Differentiation and positioning of nuclei in eggs of the cecidomyid Heteropeza pygmaea

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
M. Meats ◽  
J.B. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Spindle Orientation ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Pole Cell ◽  
Polar Granules ◽  
Egg Chamber

During the first three cleavage divisions of the egg nuclei a precise sequence of spindle orientation and elongation parallel to the longitudinal axis of the egg is apparently involved in positioning one nucleus among the polar granules at the posterior pole of the egg. The size of this nucleus, and the position at which the egg cleaves when pole cell formation occurs, appear to constitute part of the mechanism which ensures that only one nucleus is included in the first pole cell. Blastoderm formation occurs without a well-defined migration of nuclei to the egg surface. Nuclei are so large in relation to the size of the egg that uniform spacing and distribution of nuclei ensures that a large proportion are situated near the egg surface. Those nuclei which are near the egg surface divide synchronously to form a layer of blastoderm nuclei, while membranous cleavage furrows invaginate from the egg surface between them. Nuclei in the central region of the egg chamber condense to form yolk nuclei before blastoderm nuclei have been separated from the rest of the egg by the completion of the cleavage membranes. Polar granules provide the only evidence of fine-structural differences in different regions of the egg chamber cytoplasm. They are found near the posterior pole of the egg from an early stage of oogenesis. They undergo a specific sequence of structural changes and increase in size as the egg grows. No microtubular or microfibrillar arrays have been found in the egg chamber which might form a cytoskeletal basis for spindle orientation or for the spatial differences which develop during differentiation of the uncleaved egg cytoplasm.

Immunological analysis of proteoglycan structural changes in the early stage of experimental osteoarthritic canine cartilage lesions

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Pelletier ◽  
Johanne Martel-Pelletier ◽  
Fuad Mehraban ◽  
Charles J. Malemud
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cartilage Lesions ◽  
Immunological Analysis

scholarly journals Characterization of dispersion strengthened copper with 3wt%Al2O3 by mechanical alloying

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viseslava Rajkovic ◽  
Olivera Eric ◽  
Dusan Bozic ◽  
M. Mitkov ◽  
Endre Romhanji
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Copper Matrix ◽  
Alumina Powder ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Electrolytic Copper Powder

The copper matrix has been dispersion strengthened with 3wt.%Al2O3 by mechanical alloying. Commercial alumina powder with an average particle size of 0.75mm was used for alloying. The mechanical alloying process was performed in a planetary ball mill up to 20h in air. After milling all powders were treated in H2 at 4000C for 1h, and finally hot pressing was used for compaction (800oC, 3h, Ar). Structure observations revealed a lamellar structure (Al2O3 particles largely restricted to interlamellar planes between adjacent copper lamellae) accompanied also by structure refinement. These structural changes were mostly completed in the early stage of milling, and retained after compaction. Micro hardness was found to progressively increase with milling time. So, after 5h of milling the micro hardness of the Cu+3twt%Al2O3 compact was 1540MPa, i.e. 2.5 times greater than for the as-received electrolytic copper powder (638MPa) compacted under identical conditions, while after 20h of milling it was 2370 MPa. However after exposing the tested compact at 800oC up to 5h, the achieved hardening effect vanished.

On Monitoring Structural Changes of Anisotropic Tissues by Means of Statistical Analysis of Ultrasonic Images

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-334
Author(s):  
C. Pecorari
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Image Texture ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Ultrasonic Images

An investigation into statistical properties of ultrasonic image texture from three-dimensional clusters of anisotropic scatterers is carried out. The structural properties of the clusters are modeled after those of soft biological tissues, such as skeletal muscle tissues, both in their healthy condition and at the early stage of degenerative diseases. The average axial autocorrelation function of the intensity of the image texture is used to characterize and monitor changes of the geometrical properties of the tissue components. A distinct local increase of the autocorrelation is observed within a range of small time shifts, and it is explained in terms of the structure of the time-domain backscattered signal from each individual scatterer. It is shown that such an increase is sensitive to structural variations of the cluster similar to those occurring at the early stage of several muscular diseases.

Development Strategy in an Early-Stage Economy: Uganda

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Similar Stage ◽  
Strategy I

WHAT are the economic conditions for attaining Uganda's ambitious development goal, the doubling of income per capita in 15 years? My purpose here is to discuss the logic of five major structural changes which may be regarded as necessary for a substantial acceleration of Uganda's rate of economic growth. Since each of these changes would require energetic government policies to bring it about within the time- span considered, they can also be thought of as key elements of development strategy. I hope that the logic of these structural changes may be suggestive also for other countries at a somewhat similar stage of development, particularly in Africa.

Global Trends of Payment Systems and the Next-Generation RTGS Project in Japan

2011 ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Bank Of Japan

This chapter investigates the evolutionary process of the payment system against the background of structural changes. At the early stage, most payment systems were Designated-Time Net Settlement (DTNS) systems. Then, Real-Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) systems were introduced, which had the merit of reducing settlement risks. This first trend was followed by the deployment of Hybrid systems and Integrated systems. The Bank of Japan (BOJ) is proceeding with the Next-Generation RTGS (RTGS-XG) project. This project is regarded as a typical enhancement of payment systems following the global trend. The features and benefits of the RTGS-XG are closely analyzed.

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