Anemias due to Essential Nutrient Deficiencies

AN ECONOMICAL STUDY TO MEASUREMENT OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY IN CALF FATTENING FIELDS IN NINEVEH GOVERNORATE(2018)

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v51i4.1092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah & Al-Taye

Keyword(s):

Commodity Prices ◽

Red Meat ◽

Production Costs ◽

Meat Production ◽

Marketing Efficiency ◽

Basic Source ◽

Essential Nutrient ◽

High Production ◽

Marketing Costs ◽

Marketing Margins

This study was aimed at assessing marketing efficiency in the main sites of meat production of calf fattening fields in the private sector due to the importance of meat, especially red meat, which has essential nutrient for human body growth and high commodity prices depending on the measurement indicators used to suit the nature of the research conducted in calves fattening production fields in Gogjali region- Nineveh (2018). The basic source data of the study is obtained from sources on the ongoing ground- marketing questionnaire of three levels, the producer, the wholesaler, the retailer and two fields groups of caste random sample. The first group included (100) fields with imported calves class. The second included (51) fields with local calves class. Whereas, according to the production and marketing costs indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME1 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (92.47, 93.39%) respectively for a kilogram which is a sign of high production costs and, according to the marketing margins indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME2 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (86.89,79.13 %) for per kg which is a sign of high marketing margins. Thus the study concluded a high value of marketing efficiency using the first scale with the fattening period time for both groups while marketing efficiency by using the second scale was characterized by the gradual decline in the imported fattening fields and a gradual rise in the local fattening fields. The study recommends supporting production inputs (fodder, treatment), unifying markets and limiting the importation of red meat importation in order to obtain a good production and currency policy by which the production costs could be reduced to the minimum .

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Plant Research: 1. The Methods of Water Culture of Higher Plants (246 pages) with an appendix on Symptoms of Nutrient Deficiencies in Crop Plants (48 pages)

Soil Science Society of America Journal ◽

10.2136/sssaj1953.03615995001700020034x ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 177

Author(s):

R. J. Muckenhirn

Keyword(s):

Higher Plants ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Nutrient Deficiencies ◽

Water Culture ◽

Plant Research

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Digital Image Analysis of Corn Leaves affected by Nutrient Deficiencies

ASA Special Publications - Digital Imaging and Spectral Techniques: Applications to Precision Agriculture and Crop Physiology ◽

10.2134/asaspecpub66.c5 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 53-62

Author(s):

Simone Graeff ◽

Wilhelm Claupein ◽

Diedrich Steffens ◽

Sven Schubert

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Digital Image ◽

Digital Image Analysis ◽

Nutrient Deficiencies

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The Serratia marcescens Siderophore Serratiochelin Is Necessary for Full Virulence during Bloodstream Infection

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00117-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 88 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danelle R. Weakland ◽

Sara N. Smith ◽

Bailey Bell ◽

Ashootosh Tripathi ◽

Harry L. T. Mobley

Keyword(s):

Serratia Marcescens ◽

Bloodstream Infection ◽

Iron Acquisition ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Wild Type ◽

Serratia Plymuthica ◽

Content Type ◽

Cas Assay ◽

Essential Nutrient

ABSTRACT Serratia marcescens is a bacterium frequently found in the environment, but over the last several decades it has evolved into a concerning clinical pathogen, causing fatal bacteremia. To establish such infections, pathogens require specific nutrients; one very limited but essential nutrient is iron. We sought to characterize the iron acquisition systems in S. marcescens isolate UMH9, which was recovered from a clinical bloodstream infection. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we identified two predicted siderophore gene clusters (cbs and sch) that were regulated by iron. Mutants were constructed to delete each iron acquisition locus individually and in conjunction, generating both single and double mutants for the putative siderophore systems. Mutants lacking the sch gene cluster lost their iron-chelating ability as quantified by the chrome azurol S (CAS) assay, whereas the cbs mutant retained wild-type activity. Mass spectrometry-based analysis identified the chelating siderophore to be serratiochelin, a siderophore previously identified in Serratia plymuthica. Serratiochelin-producing mutants also displayed a decreased growth rate under iron-limited conditions created by dipyridyl added to LB medium. Additionally, mutants lacking serratiochelin were significantly outcompeted during cochallenge with wild-type UMH9 in the kidneys and spleen after inoculation via the tail vein in a bacteremia mouse model. This result was further confirmed by an independent challenge, suggesting that serratiochelin is required for full S. marcescens pathogenesis in the bloodstream. Nine other clinical isolates have at least 90% protein identity to the UMH9 serratiochelin system; therefore, our results are broadly applicable to emerging clinical isolates of S. marcescens causing bacteremia.

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SPX-related genes regulate phosphorus homeostasis in the marine phytoplankton, Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-02284-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kaidian Zhang ◽

Zhi Zhou ◽

Jiashun Li ◽

Jingtian Wang ◽

Liying Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽

Response Regulator ◽

P Uptake ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Marine Phytoplankton ◽

Alkaline Phosphatases ◽

Phosphate Starvation Response ◽

Essential Nutrient ◽

Global Oceans

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for marine phytoplankton. Maintaining intracellular P homeostasis against environmental P variability is critical for phytoplankton, but how they achieve this is poorly understood. Here we identify a SPX gene and investigate its role in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. SPX knockout led to significant increases in the expression of phosphate transporters, alkaline phosphatases (the P acquisition machinery) and phospholipid hydrolases (a mechanism to reduce P demand). These demonstrate that SPX is a negative regulator of both P uptake and P-stress responses. Furthermore, we show that SPX regulation of P uptake and metabolism involves a phosphate starvation response regulator (PHR) as an intermediate. Additionally, we find the SPX related genes exist and operate across the phytoplankton phylogenetic spectrum and in the global oceans, indicating its universal importance in marine phytoplankton. This study lays a foundation for better understanding phytoplankton adaptation to P variability in the future changing oceans.

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Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Micro- and Macro-Nutrient Intakes and Trajectories of Macro-Nutrient Supply in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1515

Author(s):

Radhouene Doggui ◽

Hanin Al-Jawaldeh ◽

Jalila El Ati ◽

Rawhieh Barham ◽

Lara Nasreddine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Mediterranean Region ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽

High Energy ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Nutrient Deficiencies

The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is experiencing a nutrition transition, characterized by the emergence of overnutrition and micro-nutrient deficiencies. No previous study has comparatively examined nutrient intake in adults across countries in the EMR. This review examined the adequacy of nutrients in adults living in the EMR. Moreover, it analyzed the food balance sheets (FBS) for 1961–2018 to identify the trajectory of energy supply from macro-nutrients in the EMR. A systematic search was conducted from January 2012 to September 2020. Only observational studies were retained with a random sampling design. An assessment of the methodological quality was conducted. Levels of nutrient daily intake and their adequacy compared to the daily reference intake of the Institute of Medicine were reported across the region. No studies were identified for half of the region’s countries. Although nutrient energy intake was satisfactory overall, fat and carbohydrate intake were high. Intake of vitamin D, calcium, potassium, zinc, and magnesium were below that recommended. The analysis of the FBS data allowed for the identification of four linear patterns of trajectories, with countries in the EMR best fitting the ‘high-energy-supply from carbohydrate’ group. This systematic review warrants multi-sectorial commitment to optimize nutrient intake.

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Vitamin C in the Treatment of COVID-19

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1172

Author(s):

Gregorio Paolo Milani ◽

Marina Macchi ◽

Anat Guz-Mark

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Case Reports ◽

Case Series ◽

Theoretical Background ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Vitamin C Supplementation ◽

Essential Nutrient

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that serves as antioxidant and plays a major role as co-factor and modulator of various pathways of the immune system. Its therapeutic effect during infections has been a matter of debate, with conflicting results in studies of respiratory infections and in critically ill patients. This comprehensive review aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the use of vitamin C in the prevention or treatment of patients with SARS-CoV2 infection, based on available publications between January 2020 and February 2021. Overall, 21 publications were included in this review, consisting of case-reports and case-series, observational studies, and some clinical trials. In many of the publications, data were incomplete, and in most clinical trials the results are still pending. No studies regarding prevention of COVID-19 with vitamin C supplementation were found. Although some clinical observations reported improved medical condition of patients with COVID-19 treated with vitamin C, available data from controlled studies are scarce and inconclusive. Based on the theoretical background presented in this article, and some preliminary encouraging studies, the role of vitamin C in the treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection should be further investigated.

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Nanobiotechnology for Agriculture: Smart Technology for Combating Nutrient Deficiencies with Nanotoxicity Challenges

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13041781 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1781

Author(s):

Gaurav Chugh ◽

Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽

Zakaria M. Solaiman

Keyword(s):

Targeted Delivery ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Nutrient Deficiencies ◽

Holistic View ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

Toxicity Potential ◽

Stimulate Plant Growth ◽

Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Nanobiotechnology in agriculture is a driver for modern-day smart, efficient agricultural practices. Nanoparticles have been shown to stimulate plant growth and disease resistance. The goal of sustainable farming can be accomplished by developing and sustainably exploiting the fruits of nanobiotechnology to balance the advantages nanotechnology provides in tackling environmental challenges. This review aims to advance our understanding of nanobiotechnology in relevant areas, encourage interactions within the research community for broader application, and benefit society through innovation to realize sustainable agricultural practices. This review critically evaluates what is and is not known in the domain of nano-enabled agriculture. It provides a holistic view of the role of nanobiotechnology in multiple facets of agriculture, from the synthesis of nanoparticles to controlled and targeted delivery, uptake, translocation, recognition, interaction with plant cells, and the toxicity potential of nanoparticle complexes when presented to plant cells.

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Revisiting Sulphur—The Once Neglected Nutrient: It’s Roles in Plant Growth, Metabolism, Stress Tolerance and Crop Production

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11070626 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 626

Author(s):

Tinashe Zenda ◽

Songtao Liu ◽

Anyi Dong ◽

Huijun Duan

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Plant Phenotyping ◽

Special Importance ◽

Nutrient Deficiencies ◽

Sulphur Nutrition ◽

Physiological Processes

Sulphur plays crucial roles in plant growth and development, with its functions ranging from being a structural constituent of macro-biomolecules to modulating several physiological processes and tolerance to abiotic stresses. In spite of these numerous sulphur roles being well acknowledged, agriculture has paid scant regard for sulphur nutrition, until only recently. Serious problems related to soil sulphur deficiencies have emerged and the intensification of food, fiber, and animal production is escalating to feed the ever-increasing human population. In the wake of huge demand for high quality cereal and vegetable diets, sulphur can play a key role in augmenting the production, productivity, and quality of crops. Additionally, in light of the emerging problems of soil fertility exhaustion and climate change-exacerbated environmental stresses, sulphur assumes special importance in crop production, particularly under intensively cropped areas. Here, citing several relevant examples, we highlight, in addition to its plant biological and metabolism functions, how sulphur can significantly enhance crop productivity and quality, as well as acclimation to abiotic stresses. By this appraisal, we also aim to stimulate readers interests in crop sulphur research by providing priorities for future pursuance, including bettering our understanding of the molecular processes and dynamics of sulphur availability and utilization in plants, dissecting the role of soil rhizospherical microbes in plant sulphur transformations, enhancing plant phenotyping and diagnosis for nutrient deficiencies, and matching site-specific crop sulphur demands with fertilizer amendments in order to reduce nutrient use inefficiencies in both crop and livestock production systems. This will facilitate the proper utilization of sulphur in crop production and eventually enhance sustainable and environmentally friend food production.

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