Abstract
Objectives
The study investigated the effects of blueberry consumption for 8 weeks on subjective mood states in men with type 2 diabetes.
Methods
In a double-blind, parallel randomized controlled trial, 37 men who are U.S. veterans (mean baseline characteristics: 67 years, range: 51–74 years; body mass index (BMI), 34 kg/m2, range: 26–44 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 intervention groups. The interventions were either 22 g of freeze-dried blueberries (equivalent to 1 cup fresh blueberries) or 22 g of a placebo (matched in energy and carbohydrate content to the blueberries). The Profile of Mood States (POMS) was assessed twice using POMS 2 65-item questionnaire at the beginning (week 0) and at the end of the study (week 8). Increases in Vigor-Activity and Friendliness scores indicate a positive mood state. Increases in Total Mood Disturbance, Anger-Hostility, Confusion-Bewilderment, Depression-Dejection, Fatigue-Inertia, and Tension-Anxiety scores indicate a negative mood state.
Results
Vigor-Activity, Friendliness, Total Mood Disturbance, Anger-Hostility, Confusion-Bewilderment, Depression-Dejection, Fatigue-Inertia and Tension-Anxiety scores were not significantly different after 8 weeks of consumption of blueberries compared with the placebo. Total Mood Disturbance (38.7 ± 1.8 vs. 41.1 ± 2.5, respectively; P = 0.034) and Confusion-Bewilderment (37.3 ± 2.1 vs. 41.6 ± 3.0, respectively; P = 0.044) scores were significantly lower for those consuming blueberries for 8 weeks compared with the placebo in subgroup analysis of men with lower baseline Total Mood Disturbance scores (<45).
Conclusions
Consumption of 22 g freeze-dried blueberries for 8 weeks may beneficially affect some mood states in men with type 2 diabetes.
Funding Sources
The U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council; the study is the result of work supported with resources and the use of facilities at the Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA.
Effect of Blueberry Consumption on Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Men with Type 2 Diabetes: An 8-Week, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial