scholarly journals Clinical Overview of Effects of Dietary Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during the Perinatal Period

2013 ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Scholtz ◽  
John Colombo ◽  
Susan E. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Clinical Overview ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Clinical Outcomes of Preterm Infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lapillonne ◽  
Sissel J. Moltu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Long Chain

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) play specific roles during the perinatal period and are very important nutrients to consider. The possible effects of LCPUFAs, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on various clinical outcomes of preterm infants are discussed in this paper. Since DHA accumulates in the central nervous system during development, a lot of attention has focused on the effects of DHA on neurodevelopment. Experimental studies as well as recent clinical trials show that providing larger amounts of DHA than currently and routinely provided is associated with better neurological outcomes at 18 months to 2 years. This early advantage, however, does not seem to translate into detectable change in visual and neurodevelopmental outcomes or behavior when assessed in childhood. There is growing evidence that, in addition to effects on development, omega-3 LCPUFAs may reduce the incidence or severity of neonatal morbidities by affecting different steps of the immune and anti-inflammatory response. Studies in preterm infants suggest that the omega-3 LCPUFAs may play a significant role by reducing the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis and possibly retinopathy of prematurity and sepsis. Overall, evidence is increasing to support the benefits of high-dose DHA for various health outcomes of preterm infants. These findings are of major clinical relevance mainly because infants born preterm are at particularly high risk for a nutritional deficit in omega-3 fatty acids, predisposing to adverse neonatal outcomes. Further studies are warranted to address these issues as well as to more precisely determine the LCPUFA requirement in order to favor the best possible outcomes of preterm infants.

scholarly journals Effect ofn-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during the perinatal period on later body composition

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (S2) ◽  
pp. S117-S128 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rodríguez ◽  
I. Iglesia ◽  
S. Bel-Serrat ◽  
L. A. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Infants And Young Children

A systematic review to identify studies reporting the effects ofn-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) intake, during pregnancy and postnatally, on infants and young children's body composition was performed. A structured search strategy was performed in the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and LILACS databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined according to the research question. Only those studies addressing the relationship betweenn-3 LCPUFA exposure during the perinatal period and later adiposity measured in terms of weight, height, body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness and/or circumferences were included regardless of the study design. Studies quality was scored and were thereafter categorised into those reporting on maternal intake ofn-3 LCPUFA during pregnancy or lactation (6 publications) or on infant'sn-3 LCPUFA intake (7 publications). Two studies showed inverse associations between maternaln-3 LCPUFA intake and children's later body composition (lower adiposity, BMI or body weight), two showed direct associations and no effects were observed in the remaining two studies. Among those studies focusing onn-3 LCPUFA intake through enriched infant formulas; three observed no effect on later body composition and two showed higher weight and adiposity with increased amounts ofn-3 LCPUFA. Reversely, in two studies weight and fat mass decreased. In conclusion, reported body composition differences in infants and young children were not clearly explained by perinataln-3 LCPUFA intake via supplemented formulas, breastfeeding or maternal intakes ofn-3 LCPUFA during pregnancy and lactation. Associated operational mechanisms includingn-3 LCPUFA doses and sources applied are not sufficiently explained and therefore no conclusions could be made.

scholarly journals PPAR-γ2 Pro12Ala Variant, Insulin Resistance and Plasma Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Childhood Obesity

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Scaglioni ◽  
Elvira Verduci ◽  
Michela Salvioni ◽  
Maria Luisa Biondi ◽  
Giovanni Radaelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Edible Far Eastern Ferns as a Dietary Source of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Eduard V. Nekrasov ◽  
Vasily I. Svetashev
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Long Chain

Young fronds of ferns are consumed as a vegetable in many countries. The aim of this study was to analyze three fern species that are available for sale in the Russian Far East as dietary sources in terms of fatty acids that are important for human physiology: arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and other valuable long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The content of ARA and EPA was 5.5 and 0.5 mg/g dry weight, respectively, in Pteridium aquilinum, 4.1 and 1.1 in Matteuccia struthiopteris, and 2.2 and 0.8 in Osmundastrum asiaticum. Salted fronds of P. aquilinum contained less these fatty acids than the raw fronds, with a decrease of up to 49% for ARA and 65% for EPA. These losses were less pronounced or even insignificant in dried fronds. Cooked ferns preserved significant portions of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: cooked P. aquilinum contained 4.4 mg/g dry weight ARA and 0.3 mg/g dry weight EPA. The ferns may provide a supplemental dietary source of these valuable long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially for vegetarian diets.

Enrichment of NaCl-reduced burger with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Effects on physicochemical, technological, nutritional, and sensory characteristics

Meat Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 108497
Author(s):  
Juan D. Rios-Mera ◽  
Erick Saldaña ◽  
Iliani Patinho ◽  
Miriam M. Selani ◽  
Carmen J. Contreras-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Long Chain

Vitamin E Content and Estimated Need in German Infant and Follow-On Formulas With and Without Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LC-PUFA) Enrichment

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (41) ◽  
pp. 10153-10161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madlen Stimming ◽  
Christina M. Mesch ◽  
Mathilde Kersting ◽  
Hermann Kalhoff ◽  
Hans Demmelmair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability and Long Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Haemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2453
Author(s):  
Ana M Pinto ◽  
Helen L MacLaughlin ◽  
Wendy L Hall
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Long Chain

Low heart rate variability (HRV) is independently associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and all cardiac death in haemodialysis patients. Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) may exert anti-arrhythmic effects. This study aimed to investigate relationships between dialysis, sleep and 24 h HRV and LC n-3 PUFA status in patients who have recently commenced haemodialysis. A cross-sectional study was conducted in adults aged 40–80 with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 (n = 45, mean age 58, SD 9, 20 females and 25 males, 39% with type 2 diabetes). Pre-dialysis blood samples were taken to measure erythrocyte and plasma fatty acid composition (wt % fatty acids). Mean erythrocyte omega-3 index was not associated with HRV following adjustment for age, BMI and use of β-blocker medication. Higher ratios of erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were associated with lower 24 h vagally-mediated beat-to-beat HRV parameters. Higher plasma EPA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) were also associated with lower sleep-time and 24 h beat-to-beat variability. In contrast, higher plasma EPA was significantly related to higher overall and longer phase components of 24 h HRV. Further investigation is required to investigate whether patients commencing haemodialysis may have compromised conversion of EPA to DHA, which may impair vagally-mediated regulation of cardiac autonomic function, increasing risk of SCD.

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