Chlamydia trachomatis: Molecular Testing Methods

2013 ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Gaydos
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Testing Methods

scholarly journals BRAF in Melanoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Inhibition, and Resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Sullivan ◽  
Keith T. Flaherty
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Braf Inhibitors ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
Braf Mutant ◽  
Mutant Braf

Since the initial discovery that a subset of patients with cutaneous melanoma harbor BRAF mutations, substantial research has been focused on determining the pathologic consequences of BRAF mutations, optimizing diagnostic techniques to identify these mutations, and developing therapeutic interventions to inhibit the function of this target in mutation-bearing tumors. Recently, advances have been made which are revolutionizing the standard of care for patients with BRAF mutant melanoma. This paper provides an overview on the pathogenic ramifications of mutant BRAF signaling, the latest molecular testing methods to detect BRAF mutations, and the most recent clinical data of BRAF pathway inhibitors in patients with melanoma and BRAF mutations. Finally, emerging mechanisms of resistance to BRAF inhibitors and ways of overcoming this resistance are discussed.

scholarly journals Sensitive molecular testing methods can demonstrate NSCLC driver mutations in malignant pleural effusion despite non-malignant cytology

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Steinfort ◽  
Sevastjan Kranz ◽  
Anthony Dowers ◽  
Leakhena Leas ◽  
Voula Dimitriadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Malignant Pleural Effusion ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Testing Methods

Changes in testing methods for genital Chlamydia trachomatis in New South Wales, Australia, 1999 to 2002

Sexual Health ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Y. Chen ◽  
Basil Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Rapid Shift

Background: Over the last decade, significant advances have occurred in the area of chlamydia diagnostics. The relative frequency of different testing methods employed in the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in New South Wales has not been previously reported. Methods: Testing methods—both laboratory method and specimen type—employed in the diagnosis of chlamydia cases notified in New South Wales between 1999 and 2002 were collated from Health Department records. Results: During a period of increasing notifications, the proportion of men diagnosed with C. trachomatis using nucleic acid tests (NATs) increased from 36% in 1999 to 90% in 2002. Among women, the proportion diagnosed using NATs increased from 42% in 1999 to 92% in 2002. Urine samples were consistently used in the diagnosis of two-thirds of the men, and one-third of the women. Conclusion: Between 1999 and 2002, a rapid shift towards NATs for genital C. trachomatis took place in New South Wales.

scholarly journals Comparison of respiratory virus shedding by conventional and molecular testing methods in patients with haematological malignancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 380.e1-380.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Richardson ◽  
J. Brite ◽  
M. Del Castillo ◽  
T. Childers ◽  
A. Sheahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Haematological Malignancy ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Virus Shedding

To pool or not to pool? Screening of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in female sex workers: pooled versus single-site testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-421
Author(s):  
Nick Verougstraete ◽  
Vanessa Verbeke ◽  
Anne-Sophie De Cannière ◽  
Caroline Simons ◽  
Elizaveta Padalko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Pooled Sample

ObjectivesAs Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are the most commonly reported STIs in Belgium and the majority of women infected are asymptomatic, targeted screening of patients in specified risk groups is indicated. To prevent long-term complications and interrupt transmission, extragenital samples should be included. As this comes with a substantial extra cost, analysis of a pooled sample from vaginal and extragenital sites could be a solution. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of molecular testing for CT and NG in pooled versus single-site samples in a large cohort of female sex workers.MethodsWomen were sampled from three anatomical sites: a pharyngeal, a vaginal and a rectal swab. Each sample was vortexed, and 400 µL of transport medium from each sample site was pooled into an empty tube. NAAT was performed using the Abbott RealTime CT/NG assay on the m2000sp/rt system.ResultsWe included 489 patients: 5.1% were positive for CT; 2.0% were positive for NG and 1.4% were coinfected, resulting in an overall prevalence of 6.5% (95% CI 4.5% to 9.1%) for CT and 3.5% (95% CI 2.0% to 5.5%) for NG. From the 42 patients positive on at least one non-pooled sample, only 5 gave a negative result on the pooled sample, resulting in a sensitivity of 94% (95% CI 79% to 99%) for CT and 82% (95% CI 57% to 96%) for NG. The missed pooled samples were all derived from single-site infections with low bacterial loads. The possibility of inadequate self-sampling as a cause of false negativity was excluded, as 4/5 were collected by the physician. Testing only vaginal samples would have led to missing 40% of CT infections and 60% of NG infections.ConclusionsPooling of samples is a cost-saving strategy for the detection of CT and NG in women, with minimal decrease in sensitivity. By reducing costs, more patients and more extragenital samples can be tested, resulting in higher detection rates.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase gene fusion frequencies in solid tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175883592097561
Author(s):  
Anna Forsythe ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Uwe Phillip Strauss ◽  
Marc Fellous ◽  
Maesumeh Korei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Gene Fusion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bone Sarcoma ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Tyrosine Receptor Kinase

Introduction: The research objective was to systematically review evidence on neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase ( NTRK) gene fusion frequency in solid tumors. Methods: Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted of studies published from January 1987 to 2 January 2020. Selected studies were appraised for use in meta-analysis, with frequency reported as a point estimate with confidence intervals, to estimate NTRK gene fusion tumor incidence and prevalence. Results: The SLR identified 222 studies from North America ( n = 122), Europe ( n = 33), Asia ( n = 41), Brazil ( n = 5), Australia ( n = 2), and multi-continental ( n = 19) reporting NTRK gene fusion frequencies across 101 histologies. Studies were prospective ( n = 43) and retrospective ( n = 179). Testing methods involved DNA ( n = 93), RNA ( n = 72), combined DNA/RNA ( n = 48), protein [immunohistochemistry (IHC), n = 5], and unreported ( n = 5). Sample sizes ranged from 1 to 66,871. Of the 222 studies, 107 were suitable for meta-analysis. Highest NTRK gene fusion frequencies were reported in rare cancers: infantile/congenital fibrosarcoma (90.56%, 95% CI 67.42–100.00), secretory breast cancer (92.87%, 95% CI 72.62–100.00), and congenital mesoblastic nephroma (21.52%, 95% CI 13.06–32.20). Lower frequencies were reported in non-small cell lung cancer (0.17%, 95% CI 0.09–0.25), colorectal adenocarcinoma (0.26%, 95% CI 0.15–0.36), cutaneous melanoma (0.31%, 95% CI 0.07–0.55), and non-secretory breast carcinoma (0.60%, 95% CI 0.00–1.50). Reported frequency was ~0% for some cancers: mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, and bone sarcoma. Estimated global overall NTRK gene fusion tumour incidence and 5-year prevalence in 2018 was 0.52 and 1.52 per 100,000 persons, respectively. Conclusion: This research confirms the rarity and varying frequency of NTRK gene fusion across tumor types. Limitations included relatively low historic NTRK gene fusion testing and reporting, limited study samples for some cancers, and suboptimal molecular testing methods. In this rapidly developing area, gold-standard testing methods and companion diagnostics are needed to capture all NTRK gene fusions.

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