Intervention Strategies for Preventing Low Birthweight in Developing Countries: Importance of Considering Multiple Interactive Factors

2013 ◽  
pp. 31-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Uauy ◽  
Camila Corvalan ◽  
Paola Casanello ◽  
Juan Kuzanovic
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Interactive Factors

Aflatoxins biosynthesis, toxicity and intervention strategies: A review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Food Commodities

Aflatoxins (AFTs) are toxic products of fungal metabolism, associated with serious health consequences and substantial economic losses to agriculture, livestock and poultry sectors, particularly in the developing countries. This review outlines the current information on AFTs in terms of historical background, classification, relative occurrence and co-existence with other mycotoxins in various food commodities. The phenomenon of aflatoxin (AFT) biosynthesis has been elucidated with reference to molecular basis, genetic regulation and factors affecting the AFT production. Moreover, the in vivo disposition kinetics, toxicological action and toxico-pathological consequences of AFTs have also been highlighted. Currently employed strategies for the detection and detoxification of AFTs, biomarkers of exposure assessment, potential economic impact and regulatory considerations regarding the AFTs have been emphasized.

HOW TO PROLONG LACTATION IN MOTHERS OF VLBW INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. A42-A42
Author(s):  
Student
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Very Low Birthweight ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Very Low Birthweight Infants ◽  
Skin To Skin

We have carried out a randomised trial [of skin to skin contact with their mothers] among babies of less than 1500 gm . . . Mothers using skin to skin contact lactated for four weeks longer on average than the control group . . . [This maneuver] can enjoyably be offered to very low birthweight infants especially in developing countries where mother's lactation is vital.

The Indian Farming-Community and their Health-Concerns for a Sustainable Agriculture

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Government ◽  
Made In

The exposure of farmers to agricultural hazards and risks has been increased in their work-places with the recent developments in agricultural sectors in most of the developing countries. This higher expose may be due to the enhanced need in meeting the food as well as monetary demand of farming house-holds. The agricultural-productivity has also been reduced in developing countries because of the exposure of farmers to work-related stresses affecting their well-being. Thus, an attempt was made in this study for exploring the mental-health disorders among the farmers and the farming-community in the state of Odisha in India for undertaking possible intervention strategies by the government and competent authorities.

Open and Distance Learning Practitioners Sustain the Teaching of Technology Education Through Action Learning

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-145
Author(s):  
Tome' Awshar Mapotse
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technology Education ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Action Learning ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Technology Teachers ◽  
Action Research Approach ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Open And Distance Learning

The aim of this chapter is to provide readers with a fresh perspective on the challenges facing Technology Education (TE) in developing countries today, as well as the established skills and intervention strategies necessary to overcome these challenges hence sustaining the teaching of TE. In this chapter TE has find its way into school environment successfully and effectively through engaging TE teachers with action research approach. The study was designed from educational living paradigm and is underpinned by critical theory and Mapotse cascading theory. The chapter intends to share a model developed during interaction with the Technology teachers: the developed Mapotse PEAR model to empower technology teachers from the challenges they faced in their Technology Education pedagogy and didactics. If this model can be well implemented and followed, then the Technology teachers will be emancipated to teach Technology Education even without a prior formal training. The theory behind the Action Learning will be the Mapotse cascading theory of ‘each one teaches one'.

scholarly journals A screening test for assessing iron status

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Pintar ◽  
BS Skikne ◽  
JD Cook
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Screening Programs

Abstract Intervention strategies to combat iron deficiency anemia in developing countries may hasten the development of iron overload in patients with an inherited defect in hemoglobin synthesis. This risk could be diminished if there was a rapid and simple method available for detecting iron overload in population screening programs. We have developed such a method, which is in effect a semiquantitative ferritin measurement based on a modification of a two-site enzyme-linked immunoassay. The assay requires only 2 drops of whole blood and a total incubation time of 90 min. The procedure, which can readily distinguish iron deficiency from even a modest increase in storage iron, has a potentially wide application in settings where a prompt assessment of iron status is required.

scholarly journals Association of Low Birthweight and Indoor Air Pollution: Biomass Fuel Use in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rifat Haider ◽  
Mohammad Masudur Rahman ◽  
Farahnaz Islam ◽  
M. Mahmud Khan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Solid Fuels

Background. More than 90% of all low birthweight (LBW) babies are born in developing countries, and half of the population in developing nations uses solid fuels as their primary source of energy for cooking. An association between household use of solid biomass fuels and reduced newborn weight has been found in a number of countries. Bangladesh has a high prevalence of LBW babies (22%), and 88% of the population use solid fuels for cooking. Objectives. This study aims to explore whether indoor air pollution is associated with LBW in Bangladesh, an important determinant of infant mortality and morbidity. Methods. The 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) was used for the present analysis. The total number of births reported in the previous five years by respondents in the survey sample was 8,753. Mothers' recall of their baby's weight was the dependent dichotomous variable. A mixed effects logistic regression model was fitted using region as a random effect and several independent fixed effects. Results. High pollutant cooking fuels, such as coal and wood, resulted in higher odds of having a LBW child compared to use of electricity/gas (odds ratio (OR): 2.6, confidence interval (CI): 1.1–6.2 and OR: 1.1, CI: 1.0–1.2). Factors which lowered the odds include mothers with a bachelor's degree or higher education (OR: 0.6, CI: 0.4–0.9), third order children (OR: 0.8, CI: 0.6–0.9), fourth or higher order children (OR: 0.8, CI: 0.6–1.0), having a male child (OR: 0.7, CI: 0.7–0.8), and receiving sufficient antenatal care (OR: 0.8, CI: 0.6–0.9). Factors which increase the odds of having a LBW infant include mothers who are underweight compared to normal weight mothers (OR: 1.1, CI: 1.1–1.2), mistimed pregnancies (OR: 1.2, CI: 1.0–1.4), or unplanned pregnancies (OR: 1.3, CI: 1.0–1.7), compared to planned pregnancies. Conclusions. This is the first paper to show an association between use of highly pollutant biomass fuel and prevalence of LBW babies in Bangladesh, suggesting that besides polluting the air and causing respiratory illnesses, biomass fuel combustion may also affect the health of fetuses in utero. Further longitudinal studies are required to establish this finding among mothers in developing countries.

Conscientize Learners With Littering in Environmental Education by Using Action Research Activities

2018 ◽  
pp. 256-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsebo Kgoto Mashiloane ◽  
Tome' Awshar Mapotse
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
School Environment ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Action Research Approach ◽  
Fresh Perspective

The aim of this chapter is to provide delegates with a fresh perspective on the littering challenges facing schools and homes in developing countries today, as well as the established skills and awareness intervention strategies necessary to overcome these challenges hence sustaining the teaching of Environmental Education (EE). The extend of Africa's ignorance of EE subject amongst teachers has intensified and reinforced that action research (AR) be regarded as a tool for learner emancipation in the teaching of EE. EE is still seen as a foreign concept by many teachers and a notion that can be down played in school curriculum and home territory. In this chapter EE has find its way into school environment successfully and effectively through engaging learners as co-researchers with action research approach. The study was designed from educational living paradigm and is underpinned by collaborative learning theory. An intervention in the form of action research spiral cycle activities with the learners has managed to make them conscious about littering.

Low birthweight and poor foetal growth

2018 ◽  
pp. 164-167
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cormick ◽  
Nicole Minckas ◽  
José Belizán
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Low birthweight (LBW) infants constitute a major public health concern in developed and developing countries. LBW infants includes those that were born early (preterm births), those that were born with intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR), or a combination of both. IUGR as a result of chronic malnutrition is more prevalent in developing countries and usually shows more long-term consequences. IUGR infants as a result of acute foetal malnutrition predominate in developed countries and usually have more complications immediately after birth but lower long-term consequences. The WHO 2025 global target is to achieve a 30% reduction in LBW infants. Research should focus on: testing evidence-based interventions starting before pregnancy to improve women’s nutrition in order to stop the vicious circle of malnutrition; treating pregnancy associated conditions such as pre-eclampsia; providing adequate perinatal care and social support; and Identifying risk factors of spontaneous preterm birth, as most causes are unknown.

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