Genetic Variation in MAOA Modulates Prefrontal Cortical Regulation of Approach-Avoidance Reactions

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena H. Ernst ◽  
Elisabeth Lutz ◽  
Ann-Christine Ehlis ◽  
Andreas J. Fallgatter ◽  
Andreas Reif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Reactions

Aff_Faces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz G Gawryszewski ◽  
Mikael Cavallet
Keyword(s):  
Compatibility Effect ◽  
Negative Stimulus ◽  
Positive Stimulus ◽  
Spatial Compatibility ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Task Set ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Reactions

Conde et al (2011) reported a modulation of the spatial compatibility effect by the affective valence of soccer team figures. For Favorite team, it was faster to respond by pressing the key located on the stimulus side than the opposite key (ipsi- and contralateral keys, respectively). For Rival team, this pattern was reversed. These findings were interpreted as being due to approach and avoidance reactions which facilitate both the ipsilateral response to a positive stimulus and the contralateral response to a negative one and vice-versa. This hypothesis was challenged by arguing that there is no spatial compatibility effect when a mixed-rule task was used and that approach/avoidance reactions are not elicited when a keyboard was employed to execute the responses. Alternatively, it was proposed that Conde et al. (2011) results were due to task-set effects. Here, emotional faces (Happy, Angry and Fearful) faces were used to test the generality of effects elicited by affective stimuli and to disentangle task-set and approach/avoidance reactions hypotheses. We found that there is no task-set effect when the Happiness-Anger pair was used. Moreover, for the Happiness/Fear pair, there was an interaction between valence and spatial compatibility within a block of trials. These results suggest that: (i) the interaction between valence and spatial compatibility in the Affective SC task modulates the spatial compatibility effect; (ii) this modulation elicits a task-set effect that varies according to the pair of affective stimuli and (iv) the task-set effect may be due to an automatic orientation of the visual attention to the positive stimulus which facilitates the ipsilateral response conjoined with an inhibition of the ipsilateral response to the aversive stimulus, simulating a reversed compatibility effect to the negative stimulus.

Interpersonal Distance Regulation and Approach-Avoidance Reactions Are Altered in Psychopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Welsch ◽  
Christoph von Castell ◽  
Heiko Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interpersonal Distance ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Distance Regulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Avoidance Reactions

In this study, we examined the impact of psychopathy on approach-avoidance reactions and interpersonal distance (IPD) in response to social cues. We selected a student sample and measured psychopathy via self-report. Participants were immersed in a virtual environment in which a virtual person displayed either angry or happy facial expressions. In the first experiment, participants had to walk toward the virtual person until a comfortable IPD had been reached. In the second experiment, participants had to push or pull a joystick in response to the facial expression of the virtual person. Our results suggest that psychopathy does not change average IPD but does impair its regulation. That is, the facial expression of the avatar no longer modulated IPD in participants with psychopathic traits to the extent that it did in participants with fewer psychopathic traits. The speed of the approach and avoidance reactions is altered in psychopathy when confronted with social cues.

The Color Red Supports Avoidance Reactions to Unhealthy Food

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Rohr ◽  
Friederike Kamm ◽  
Joerg Koenigstorfer ◽  
Andrea Groeppel-Klein ◽  
Dirk Wentura
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Avoidance Reactions

Abstract. Empirical evidence suggests that the color red acts like an implicit avoidance cue in food contexts. Thus specific colors seem to guide the implicit evaluation of food items. We built upon this research by investigating the implicit meaning of color (red vs. green) in an approach-avoidance task with healthy and unhealthy food items. Thus, we examined the joint evaluative effects of color and food: Participants had to categorize food items by approach-avoidance reactions, according to their healthfulness. Items were surrounded by task-irrelevant red or green circles. We found that the implicit meaning of the traffic light colors influenced participants’ reactions to the food items. The color red (compared to green) facilitated automatic avoidance reactions to unhealthy foods. By contrast, approach behavior toward healthy food items was not moderated by color. Our findings suggest that traffic light colors can act as implicit cues that guide automatic behavioral reactions to food.

Genetic variation in GOLM1 and prefrontal cortical volume in Alzheimer's disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becky Inkster ◽  
Anil W. Rao ◽  
Khanum Ridler ◽  
Nicola Filippini ◽  
Brandon Whitcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical

scholarly journals Functional Genetic Variation in Dopamine Signaling Moderates Prefrontal Cortical Activity During Risky Decision Making

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milky Kohno ◽  
Erika L Nurmi ◽  
Christopher P Laughlin ◽  
Angelica M Morales ◽  
Emma H Gail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Functional Genetic Variation ◽  
Dopamine Signaling

Psychotherapists approach-avoidance reactions to patients' expressions of hostility.

1960 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Bandura ◽  
David H. Lipsher ◽  
Paula E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Reactions

scholarly journals Validation of New Methods of Using Simulated Whole-Body Movements as Implicit Indicators of Sound and Odor Preferences

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Cereghetti ◽  
Pauline Faye ◽  
Laetitia Gros ◽  
Lucas Mahé ◽  
Emmanuelle Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Stimulus ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Hedonic Value ◽  
Visual Approach ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Odor Preferences ◽  
Positive Stimuli ◽  
Avoidance Reactions

Would you get close to a stinky perfume bottle or to a loudspeaker producing noise? In this paper, we present two procedures that allowed us to assess the ability of auditory and olfactory cues to elicit automatic approach/avoidance reactions toward their sources. The procedures resulted from an adaptation of the Visual Approach/Avoidance by the Self Task (VAAST; Rougier et al., 2018), a task having the peculiarity of simulating approach/avoidance reactions by using visual feedback coming from the whole-body movements. In the auditory VAAST (Experiment 1), participants were instructed to move forward or backward from a loudspeaker that produced spoken words differentiated by their level of distortion and thus by their hedonic value. In the olfactory VAAST (Experiment 2), participants were asked to move forward or backward from a perfume bottle that delivered pleasant and unpleasant odors. We expected, consistent with the approach/avoidance compatibility effect, shorter latencies for approaching positive stimuli and avoiding negative stimuli. In both experiments, we found an effect of the quality of the emotional stimulus on forward actions of participants, with undistorted words and pleasant odors inducing faster forward movements compared with that for distorted words and unpleasant odors. Notably, our results further suggest that the VAAST can successfully be used with implicit instructions, i.e., without requiring participants to explicitly process the valence of the emotional stimulus (in Experiment 1) or even the emotional stimulus itself (in Experiment 2). The sensitivity of our procedures is analyzed and its potential in cross-modal and (contextualized) consumer research discussed.

Approach-Avoidance reactions to incriminating information

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Brimbal ◽  
Maria Hartwig ◽  
Karl Ask
Keyword(s):  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Reactions
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